Bio test on 12 and 13 Flashcards
A condition that impairs normal functioning of an organism.
disease
An agent that causes disease, such as a virus or bacterium.
pathogen
Microorganisms, especially those that can cause disease.
germs
Related to the immune system and its responses
immunological
A condition present from birth
congenital
Hypersensitive immune responses to substances.
allergies
Related to genes or heredity.
genetic
A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth.
cancer
Not harmful in effect; in medicine, it refers to non-cancerous tumors.
benign
What does malignant mean?
Referring to cancerous growths that can spread.
What does communicable mean?
Able to be transmitted from one person to another.
What does infectious mean?
Capable of causing infection.
What are bacteria?
Single-celled microorganisms that can be beneficial or harmful.
What are plasmids?
Small DNA molecules within a cell that are physically separated from chromosomal DNA.
What are the shapes of bacteria?
Spirilla (spiral), cocci (spherical), and bacilli (rod-shaped).
What is binary fission?
A method of asexual reproduction in bacteria.
Who is Louis Pasteur?
A scientist known for his contributions to microbiology and vaccination.
Who is Robert Koch?
A physician and microbiologist who identified the causative agents of tuberculosis and cholera.
What is a virus?
A small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
What are fungi?
A kingdom of usually multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that includes yeasts and molds.
What is a vector?
An organism that transmits disease pathogens.
What is a carrier?
An individual who harbors a pathogen without showing symptoms.
What is the incubation period?
The time between exposure to a pathogen and the onset of symptoms.
What is a pandemic?
An outbreak of a disease occurring over a wide geographic area.
What is a vaccine?
A substance that stimulates the immune system to provide immunity against a disease.
Who is Lister?
A surgeon known for developing antiseptic surgical methods.
What is histamine?
A compound involved in local immune responses and regulating physiological functions.
What is interferon?
A protein produced by cells in response to viral infections.
What are antibodies?
Proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens.
What is lymph?
A fluid containing white blood cells that bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system.
What are tonsils?
Lymphoid tissues located at the back of the throat that help fight infections.
What is the spleen?
An organ that filters blood and helps fight infections.
What are lysozymes?
Enzymes that break down bacterial cell walls.
What is active acquired immunity?
Immunity gained through exposure to a pathogen or vaccination.
What is innate immunity?
The natural defenses present at birth.
What is HIV?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which attacks the immune system.
What is the Bible?
A collection of sacred texts in Christianity and Judaism.
Who are the Jews?
An ethnoreligious group originating from the Israelites.
Who is Solomon?
A biblical figure known for his wisdom and wealth.
Who are the Greeks?
An ancient civilization known for its contributions to philosophy, science, and the arts.
What is spontaneous generation?
The discredited theory that living organisms can arise from non-living matter.
What is evolution?
The process by which different kinds of living organisms develop and diversify.
What is a xaxamander?
A term that may refer to a type of amphibian, though it is not widely recognized.
An ancient Greek philosopher who founded the Academy in Athens.
Plato
Greek philosopher and polymath who made significant contributions to many fields.
Aristotle
An ancient civilization known for its empire and contributions to law, politics, and engineering.
Romans
Who is Galen?
A Greek physician whose writings dominated medical understanding for centuries.
A Christian sect that follows the teachings of Nestorius.
Nestorians
A physician known for his work in anatomy and the study of the human body.
Andreas Vesalius
The philosophical view that only physical matter exists.
materialism
A scientist known for his work in microscopy and cell theory.
Robert Hooke
A pioneer in microscopy who discovered microorganisms.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
The scientific theory that all living things are composed of cells.
cell theory
A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, to be tested.
hypothesis
A well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world.
theory
