Chapter 19 leg, ankle, and foot Flashcards
soleus
O - posterior interosseus membrane, tibia, fibula
I - posterior calcaneus
A - ankle plantar flexion
N - tibial nerve (S1, S2)
tibialis posterior
O - interosseous membrane, adjacent tibia and fibula
I - navicular and most tarsals and metatarsals
A - inversion, plantar flexion
N - tibial nerve (L5, S1)
flexor hallucis longus
O - posterior fibula, interosseous membrane
I - plantar surface on base of distal phalanx of great toe
A - ankle plantar flexion, foot inversion, great toe inversion
N - tibial nerve (L5-S2)
flexor digitorum longus muscle
O - posterior tibia
I - distal phalanx of 4 lesser toes
A - ankle plantar flexion, foot inversion, lesser four toes MTP and IP joints flexion
N - tibial nerve (L5, S1)
tibialis anterior muscle
O - proximal lateral tibia, interosseous membrane
I - first cuneiform, first metatarsal
A - ankle dorsiflexion, foot inversion
N - Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
Extensor Hallucis longus
O - proximal anterior fibula, interosseous membrane
I - dorsum of base of distal phalanx of great toe
A - ankle dorsiflexion, foot inversion, first toe MTP and IP joints extension
N - Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
extensor digitorum longus
O - proximal anterior fibula, interosseous membrane, anterior lateral condyle of tibia
I - dorsum of distal phalanx of the four lesser toes
A - Extends MTP and IP joints of 4 lesser toes, dorsiflexion
Fibularis longus
O - head of fibula, interosseous membrane
I - plantar surface medial cuneiform and first metatarsal
A - eversion, planter flexion
N - superficial fibular nerve (L4, L5, S1)
fibularis brevis
O - middle lateral fibula
I - lateral surface of tuberosity on base of fifth metatarsal
A - eversion, planter flexion
N - superficial fibular nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Fibularis terius
O - distal medial fibula, interosseus membrane
I - dorsal surface of tuberosity on base of fifth metatarsal
A - dorsiflexion, eversion
N - deep fibular nerve (L4, L5, S1)
What muscles of the lower extremity are innervated by L1
psoas minor and major
What muscles of the lower extremity are innervated by L2
psoas major, iliacus, pectineus, sartorius, quadriceps, adductor brevis and longus, gracilis, adductor magnus
What muscles of the lower extremity are innervated by L3
psoas major, iliacus, pectineus, sartorius, quadriceps, adductor brevis and longus, gracilis, obturator externus, adductor magnus
What muscles of the lower extremity are innervated by L4
psoas major, iliacus, pectineus, quadriceps, adductor brevis and longus, gracilis, obturator externus, adductor magnus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus and brevis, fibularis tertius, fibularis longus and brevis, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior
What muscles of the lower extremity are innervated by L5
adductor magnus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae, gluteus maximus, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, biceps long and short head, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus and brevis, fibularis tertius, fibularis longus and brevis, plantaris, popliteus, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and bevis, flexor hallucis longus and brevis, abductor hallucis, lumbrical I
What muscles of the lower extremity are innervated by S1
adductor magnus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae, gluteus maximus, piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, biceps long and short head, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus and brevis, fibularis tertius, fibularis longus and brevis, plantaris, popliteus, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and bevis, flexor hallucis longus and brevis, abductor hallucis, lumbrical I-IV, gastrocnemius, abductor digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi, adductor hallucis
What muscles of the lower extremity are innervated by S2
gluteus maximus, piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, biceps long and short head, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor digitorum longus and bevis, flexor hallucis longus and brevis, abductor hallucis, lumbrical I-IV, gastrocnemius, abductor digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi, adductor hallucis, planter interossei, dorsal interossei
What muscles of the lower extremity are innervated by S3
abductor digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi, adductor hallucis, plantar interossei, dorsal interossei, lumbricals II-IV,
Function of the leg, ankle and foot
- transmission of forces from body to supporting surface and from supporting surface to body.
- base of support
- ability to accommodate to a variety of supporting surfaces
Talocrural joint
ankle joint, made up of the tibia, fibula, and talus
clinicians use which axis to describe the motions of the ankle
oblique axis
Dorsiflexion
- occurs in a sagittal plane about a frontal axis
- ROM: 20 degrees
Planterflexion
- occurs in a sagittal plane about a frontal axis
- ROM: 50 degrees
Inversion
- occurs in a frontal plane about a sagittal axis
- ROM: 35 degrees
