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Functional anatomy > Chapter 19 leg, ankle, and foot > Flashcards

Chapter 19 leg, ankle, and foot Flashcards

1
Q

soleus

A

O - posterior interosseus membrane, tibia, fibula
I - posterior calcaneus
A - ankle plantar flexion
N - tibial nerve (S1, S2)

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2
Q

tibialis posterior

A

O - interosseous membrane, adjacent tibia and fibula
I - navicular and most tarsals and metatarsals
A - inversion, plantar flexion
N - tibial nerve (L5, S1)

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3
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

O - posterior fibula, interosseous membrane
I - plantar surface on base of distal phalanx of great toe
A - ankle plantar flexion, foot inversion, great toe inversion
N - tibial nerve (L5-S2)

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4
Q

flexor digitorum longus muscle

A

O - posterior tibia
I - distal phalanx of 4 lesser toes
A - ankle plantar flexion, foot inversion, lesser four toes MTP and IP joints flexion
N - tibial nerve (L5, S1)

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5
Q

tibialis anterior muscle

A

O - proximal lateral tibia, interosseous membrane
I - first cuneiform, first metatarsal
A - ankle dorsiflexion, foot inversion
N - Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)

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6
Q

Extensor Hallucis longus

A

O - proximal anterior fibula, interosseous membrane
I - dorsum of base of distal phalanx of great toe
A - ankle dorsiflexion, foot inversion, first toe MTP and IP joints extension
N - Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)

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7
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

O - proximal anterior fibula, interosseous membrane, anterior lateral condyle of tibia
I - dorsum of distal phalanx of the four lesser toes
A - Extends MTP and IP joints of 4 lesser toes, dorsiflexion

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8
Q

Fibularis longus

A

O - head of fibula, interosseous membrane
I - plantar surface medial cuneiform and first metatarsal
A - eversion, planter flexion
N - superficial fibular nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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9
Q

fibularis brevis

A

O - middle lateral fibula
I - lateral surface of tuberosity on base of fifth metatarsal
A - eversion, planter flexion
N - superficial fibular nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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10
Q

Fibularis terius

A

O - distal medial fibula, interosseus membrane
I - dorsal surface of tuberosity on base of fifth metatarsal
A - dorsiflexion, eversion
N - deep fibular nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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11
Q

What muscles of the lower extremity are innervated by L1

A

psoas minor and major

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12
Q

What muscles of the lower extremity are innervated by L2

A

psoas major, iliacus, pectineus, sartorius, quadriceps, adductor brevis and longus, gracilis, adductor magnus

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13
Q

What muscles of the lower extremity are innervated by L3

A

psoas major, iliacus, pectineus, sartorius, quadriceps, adductor brevis and longus, gracilis, obturator externus, adductor magnus

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14
Q

What muscles of the lower extremity are innervated by L4

A

psoas major, iliacus, pectineus, quadriceps, adductor brevis and longus, gracilis, obturator externus, adductor magnus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus and brevis, fibularis tertius, fibularis longus and brevis, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior

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15
Q

What muscles of the lower extremity are innervated by L5

A

adductor magnus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae, gluteus maximus, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, biceps long and short head, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus and brevis, fibularis tertius, fibularis longus and brevis, plantaris, popliteus, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and bevis, flexor hallucis longus and brevis, abductor hallucis, lumbrical I

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16
Q

What muscles of the lower extremity are innervated by S1

A

adductor magnus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae, gluteus maximus, piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, biceps long and short head, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus and brevis, fibularis tertius, fibularis longus and brevis, plantaris, popliteus, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and bevis, flexor hallucis longus and brevis, abductor hallucis, lumbrical I-IV, gastrocnemius, abductor digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi, adductor hallucis

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17
Q

What muscles of the lower extremity are innervated by S2

A

gluteus maximus, piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, biceps long and short head, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor digitorum longus and bevis, flexor hallucis longus and brevis, abductor hallucis, lumbrical I-IV, gastrocnemius, abductor digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi, adductor hallucis, planter interossei, dorsal interossei

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18
Q

What muscles of the lower extremity are innervated by S3

A

abductor digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi, adductor hallucis, plantar interossei, dorsal interossei, lumbricals II-IV,

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19
Q

Function of the leg, ankle and foot

A
  • transmission of forces from body to supporting surface and from supporting surface to body.
  • base of support
  • ability to accommodate to a variety of supporting surfaces
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20
Q

Talocrural joint

A

ankle joint, made up of the tibia, fibula, and talus

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21
Q

clinicians use which axis to describe the motions of the ankle

A

oblique axis

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22
Q

Dorsiflexion

A
  • occurs in a sagittal plane about a frontal axis
  • ROM: 20 degrees
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23
Q

Planterflexion

A
  • occurs in a sagittal plane about a frontal axis
  • ROM: 50 degrees
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24
Q

Inversion

A
  • occurs in a frontal plane about a sagittal axis
  • ROM: 35 degrees
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25
Q

Eversion

A
  • occurs in a sagittal plane about a frontal axis
  • ROM: 15 degrees
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26
Q

Abduction and adduction

A
  • occur in horizontal plane about a vertical axis
  • minimal motion
27
Q

tri-planar motion

A

supination : combo of inversion, adduction, and plantar flexion
Pronation : combo of eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion
Important for foot to accommodate to irregular surfaces

28
Q

open kinetic chain

A
  • abduction during dorsiflexion
  • Adduction during plantar flexion
29
Q

close kinetic chain

A
  • leg rotates medially on foot during dorsiflexion
  • leg rotates laterally on foot during plantar flexion
    occurs at tibiofibular joints
30
Q

ankle capsular pattern

A

plantar flexion > dorsiflexion

31
Q

dorsiflexion open kinetic

A

convex talus rolls anteriorly and glides posteriorly on the concave tibia

32
Q

plantar flexion open kinetic

A

convex talus rolls posteriorly and glides anterior on the concave tibia

33
Q

metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP)

A

great toe
- flexion : 45
- extension : 90
small toes
- flexion : 40
- extension : 45

34
Q

medial longitudinal arch

A
  • high, does not flatten with weight bearing
  • talus, navicular, and 3 cuneiforms are the curved portions of the legs
35
Q

lateral longitudinal arch

A
  • flatten with weight bearing, high
  • cuboid is curved portions
36
Q

transverse arch

A
  • flatten with weight bearing, shallow
  • middle cuboid is the curved portions
37
Q

main support structures on the foot

A

1st metatarsal, 5th metatarsal, and calcaneus

38
Q

extrinsic muscles of the leg (superficial)

A

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

39
Q

extrinsic deep posterior group

A

tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

40
Q

extrinsic anterior group

A

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus

41
Q

extrinsic lateral group

A

fibularis longus, brevis, and tertius

42
Q

intrinsic 1st layer

A

abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi

43
Q

intrinsic 2nd layer

A

Quadratus plantae, lumbricals

44
Q

intrinsic 3rd layer

A

flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis

45
Q

intrinsic 4th layer

A

dorsal interossei, plantar interossei

46
Q

Shin splints

A

exercise induced pain along medial aspects of tibia

47
Q

ankle sprains

A

lateral ligament most frequently injured

48
Q

Calcaneal (Achilles) tendonitis

A

inflammation of calcaneal tendon at its insertion

49
Q

calcaneal valgus

A

position in which the distal aspect of the calcaneus is oriented away from the midline

50
Q

calcaneal varus

A

distal aspect of the calcaneus is oriented toward the midline

51
Q

equinus foot

A

hindfoot is fixed in planter flexion

52
Q

calcaneal foor

A

fixed in dorsiflexion

53
Q

pes cavus

A

high medial longitudinal arch

54
Q

pes planus

A

flat medial longitudinal arch

55
Q

hallux valgus

A

great tow valgus deformity oriented outward

56
Q

hallux rigidus

A

degenerative condition of first MTP pain and loss of ROM

57
Q

Hammer toe

A

PIPs flexed and DIPs extended

58
Q

mallet toe

A

PIPs extended and DIPs flexed

59
Q

claw toe

A

PIP and DIP are flexed

60
Q

metetarsalgia

A

pain at metatarsal heads

61
Q

morton’s neuroma

A

usually between 3rd and 4th metatarsal heads. plantar digital nerves, pain with weight bearing

62
Q

turf toe

A

force hyperextension of the MTP of the great toe

63
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

overuse injury, pain often in heel during weight bearing

Functional anatomy (9 decks)

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