Chapter 19- Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System.

Question 1

What are the two components of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

Question 2

What are the 3 functions of the nervous system>?

Answer 2

Sensory, integretive and motor.

Question 3

What are nuerons?

Answer 3

Cells that make up the tissues of the brain and spinal cord that receive and transmit signals to and from the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system.

Question 4

meninges

Answer 4

The tough tri-layer membrane covering the brain and spinal cord. Consists of the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

Question 5

Superfical layer of the membrane to the deep.

Answer 5

Dura mater, the archnoid mater and the pia mater.

Question 6

meningitis

Answer 6

An inflammation of the membranes (meninges) that surround and protect the brain. It is often caused by bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis (the meningococcus) and Haemophilus influenzae.

Question 7

blood-brain barrier

Answer 7

Decreased permeability of the walls of blood vessels in the brain, restricting access to that compartment.

Question 8

Symptoms og Menigitis?

Answer 8

Sensitive to light, headache, painful or stiff neck, fever and increased white blood cells in the CSF.

Question 9

petechiae

Answer 9

Minute hemorrhagic spots in the skin that range from pinpoint- to pinhead-size.

Question 10

When can you get the menigitis vaccine?

Answer 10

Age 11

Question 11

pneumococcus

Answer 11

Common name for Streptococcus pneumoniae, the major cause of bacterial pneumonia.

Question 12

Heamo[hilus influenzae

Answer 12

Gram negative one of the most severe forms of menigitis in humans.

Question 13

Listeria Monocytogenes

Answer 13

Gram postive bacterium that presesnts witghe a fever , diarrhea and a sore throat.

Question 14

Cyptococous neoformans

Answer 14

A more chronic form og meneigitis with a more gradual onset of symptoms. Symptons inlcude headache, nauses and neck stiffness.

Question 15

What is the correct name for Valley Fever?

Answer 15

Coccidioides

Question 16

arthroconidia

Answer 16

Reproductive body of Coccidioides immitis; also arthrospore.

Question 17

What is the most common cost of neonatal menigitis?

Answer 17

Escherichia coli

Question 18

encephalitis

Answer 18

An inflammation of the brain, usually caused by infection.

Question 19

What is Naegleria fowleri?

Answer 19

A small flask shaped amoeba that can cause encephalitis

Question 20

What is PAM?

Answer 20

Primary amoebic menifoencephalitis

Question 21

How does Acanthamoeba enter the body?

Answer 21

Through the skin , the conjunctiva, the lungs and urgoenital epithelia.

Question 22

What is GAM?

Answer 22

Granulomatous ameorbic menigoencephalitis

Question 23

subacute

Answer 23

Indicates an intermediate status between acute and chronic disease.

Question 24

What are a few examples of Arbovrius encephalitis?

Answer 24

West Nile Virus, St. Louis encephalitis Virus, La Crosse Virus, Powssan Virus, Jamestown canyon virus, eastern equine ecephalitis virus

Question 25

JC virus (JCV)

Answer 25

Causes a form of encephalitis (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy), especially in AIDS patients.

Question 26

Glossary progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

Answer 26

An uncommon, fatal complication of infection with JC virus (polyomavirus).

Question 27

subacute encephalitis

Answer 27

A brain infection and inflammation that is not acute but long-lasting.

Question 28

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

Answer 28

A complication of measles infection in which progressive neurological degeneration of the cerebral cortex invariably leads to coma and death.

Question 29

prion

Answer 29

A concocted word to denote “proteinaceous infectious agent”; a cytopathic protein associated with the slow-virus spongiform encephalopathies of humans and animals.

Question 30

transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)

Answer 30

Diseases caused by proteinaceous infectious particles (also known as prions).

Question 31

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

Answer 31

A spongiform encephalopathy caused by infection with a prion. The disease is marked by dementia, impaired senses, and uncontrollable muscle contractions.

Question 32

rabies

Answer 32

The only rhabdovirus that infects humans. Zoonotic disease characterized by fatal meningoencephalitis.

Question 33

hydrophobia, literally “fear of water”

Answer 33

a symptom of rabies disease in which the patient avoids swallowing due to the pain it causes.

Question 34

poliomyelitis

Answer 34

An acute enteroviral infection of the spinal cord that can cause neuromuscular paralysis.

Question 35

neurotropic

Answer 35

Having an affinity for the nervous system. Most likely to affect the spinal cord.

Question 36

bulbar poliomyelitis

Answer 36

Complication of polio infection in which the brain stem, medulla, or cranial nerves are affected. Leads to loss of respiratory control and paralysis of the trunk and limb

Question 37

tetanospasmin

Answer 37

The neurotoxin of Clostridium tetani, the agent of tetanus. Its chief action is directed upon the inhibitory synapses of the anterior horn motor neurons.

Question 38

botulinum toxin

Answer 38

An exotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum that causes flaccid muscle paralysis.