Chapter 19 - Heart Flashcards
Provides the force to pump blood through the blood vessels
The heart
It is about the size of your fist
The heart
This rest on your diaphragm
The heart
How many times does a heartbeat every day?
100,000 times
How much does a heartbeat in an average lifetime?
2.5 billion times
What side pumps blood through an estimate of 60,000 miles of blood vessels?
The left side of the heart
How many liters of blood is in our body?
5 Liters
How many times does blood passes through our heart in a day?
2800 times
Mediastinum
Where is our heart located in?
What is mediastinum?
It is the anatomical region extending from the sternum to the vertebral column, the first rib and between the lungs
What else does the region of the mediastinum hold?
Contains the heart, esophagus and trachea
Where is the apex of the heart?
It is at the tip of the left ventricle
Where is the base of the heart?
It is the wide superior portion
Where does the vessels enters and exits
At the base of the heart where the wide, superior portion is
Where does the right border of the heart faces?
It faces the right lung
Where does the left border of the heart faces?
It faces the left lung
What is another name for the left border of the heart?
Pulmonary border
What is the covering of the heart?
Pericardium
What is the pericardium of the heart?
A double layered membranes surrounding and protecting the heart
What does the pericardium do for the heart?
It confines the heart while still allowing free movement
What are the layers of the Pericardium?
- Fibrous pericardium
- Serous pericardium
- Pericardial fluid
What is fibrous pericardium?
It is the tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissues
What does fibrous pericardium do?
It prevents over stretching, protection and anchorage
What is serous pericardium?
A thinner, more delicate membrane and contains a double layer in itself
What are the double layer of serous pericardium?
- Parietal layer
2. Visceral layer
What does the parietal layer do?
It fuses to the fibrous pericardium
What is another name for the visceral layer?
Epicardium
What does the pericardial fluid do?
Reduces friction
How does the pericardial reduce friction of the heart?
It secretes fluids into the pericardial cavity
What is the layers of the heart wall?
- Epicardium
- Myocardium
- Endocardium
What is the external layer of the heart wall?
Epicardium
What is the epicardium also call?
Visceral layer of the pericardium
What is the epicardium?
It is the smooth, slippery texture to the outermost surface
What is the middle layer of the heart?
Myocardium
What does the myocardium mainly contain?
95% of cardiac muscle
What is the inner layer of the heart?
Endocardium
What is the endocardium?
Smooth lining for chambers of the heart, valves and continuous with lining of large blood vessels
What does the vessel of the heart do?
Return blood to the heart
What are the vessels conveying blood away from the heart?
- Pulmonary Trunk
2. Aorta
What are the vessels that return blood to the heart?
- Superior and inferior vena cavae
2. Pulmonary veins
What are teh Pulonary trunk?
The right and left pulmonary arteries
How many atria is in our chambers?
2
What are the chambers of our heart?
- Atria
2. Ventricles
What is the atria for?
It is for the receiving chambers
What is the ventricles for?
It si for the pumping chambers
How many ventricles does the chamber have?
2
What happens in the atria?
The auricles increase the capacity
What is the grooves of our heart?
Sulci
What does the sulci do?
Contain coronary blood vessels
Where does the right atrium receives blood from?
- Superior/inferior vena cavae
2. Cornoary sinus
Where does the left atrium receives blood from?
The pulmonary vein
What is the pectinate muscles?
It forms ridges on the interior surface
What does interatrial septum have?
Fossa ovalis
What is Fossa ovalis?
The remnant of foramen ovale
Where does blood pass through on the right side?
The right atrioventricular valve in to the right ventricle
What is another name for right atrioventricular valve?
Tricuspid
Where does blood pass through on the left side?
The left antrioventricular valve into the left ventricle
What is another name for the left antrioventricular valve?
Bicuspid or mitral
What are the characteristics of the R&L ventricles?
- Are the discharging chambers
- Separated by interventricular septum
- Contains 2 types of muscle
- Blood leaves the right ventricle and passes through the pulmonary semilunar valve
- Blood leaves the left ventricle and passes through the aortic semilunar valve
What are the two muscles of the R&L ventricles?
- Trabeculae carneae
2. Papillary muscles
What is the trabeculae carneae?
It is the ridges formed by rased bundles of cardiac muscle fibers
What is the papillary muscle?
It anchors the chordae tendineae of the AV valves
When blood leaves the right ventricles, where does it passes?
Through the pulmonary semilunar valve
When blood leaves the left ventricles, where does it passes?
Through the aortic semilunar valve
What does the right ventricle do?
It pumps blood to the lungs
What does the left ventricle do?
It pums blood to the body
Why does the left ventricle work harder?
SO that it can maintainthe same rate of blood flow as the right ventricle
What is characteristic of the Myocardial thickness?
It has a thin walle datria that deliver blood under less pressure to ventricles.
What happens when there is a shorter distances to pump blood?
The shorter distances, produce lower pressure with less resistance
What happens when there is a longer distance to pump blood?
The longer distances, produce higher pressure with more resistance
Is there any valves at the entrance of the atria?
No
What are the artioventricular valves?
They are the tricuspid (Rt) and Bicuspid (Lt)
Where does the artioventricular valves?
They lie between the atria & ventricles
When does the artioventricular valves open?
When the artria contract
What prevents back flow of blood into the artria?
Atrioventricular valves
What are the semilunar valves?
- Polumonary valves
2. Aortic valves
Where is the polumonary valve?
Between the right ventricle & polumonary trunk
Where is the aortic valve?
Between the left ventricle & aorta
When does the semilunar valve open?
When the ventricles contract
What prevents backflow of blood into the ventricles?
Semilunar vlaves
What is Valvular Stenosis?
Narrowing of the valve opening
What is Mitral valve prolapse?
Valve bulges up into the atrium
What is mitral atresia?
No valve opening
What is valvular regurgitation?
When blood leaks in the wrong direction because one or more heart valves closes improperly
