Chapter 19 - Fluids and Electrolytes Flashcards
1
Q
a compound that in solution dissociates into positive and negative ions
A
electrolyte
2
Q
a substance that minimizes change in pH of a solution when an acid or base is added
A
buffer
3
Q
for the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system at normal pH of 7.4, the normal ratio consists of ____ part(s) of sodium bicarbonate and ___ part(s) of carbonic acid.
A
20 sodium bicarbonate to 1 carbonic acid
4
Q
a disturbance in the acid-base balance of the body in which body fluids have a lower pH than normal
A
acidosis
5
Q
a disturbance in the body’s pH balance in which the pH of the extracellular fluids is shifted toward the alkaline side of normal
A
alkalosis
6
Q
3 common conditions leading to acidosis
A
- renal failure
- ketosis (overproduction of ketone bodies)
- lactic acidosis (excessive production of lactic acid)
7
Q
4 common causes of alkalosis
A
- loss of gastric juice via vomiting or other
- excessive ingestion of sodium bicarbonate and other antacids
- blood chloride depletion
- adrenal corticosteroid excess
