Chapter 17 - The GI Tract

Question 1

muscular tube that extends from pharnyx to stomach with sphincters at both upper and lower ends

Answer 1

esophogus

Question 2

sphincter fails to open properly due to malfunction of nerve plexus

Answer 2

cardiospasm of sphincter

Question 3

sphincter remains open, gastric juices leak back into esophagus

Answer 3

incompetent cardiac sphincter

Question 4

• a complication of an incompetent cardiac sphincter

- glandular metaplasia; change from squamous to columnar epithelium; increased risk for cancer

Answer 4

barrett’s esophagus

Question 5

• produces an enzyme, urease, that acts on urea and converts it to pneumonia, which makes stomach livable for H Pylori
• small curved, gram-negative organisms that colonize surface of gastric mucosa
• common infection, 50% of people will have it by age 50

Answer 5

H. Pylori Gastritis

Question 6

inflammation of the colon, such as chronic ulcerative colitis

Answer 6

colitis

Question 7

inflammation of the stomach and intestine

Answer 7

gastroenteritis

Question 8

inflammation of the small intestine

Answer 8

enteritis

Question 9

a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by segmental areas of inflammation and scarring within the intestine, often involving primarily the distal ilium. aka regional ileitis

Answer 9

crohn disease

Question 10

• inflammation is limited to mucosa, bowel not thickened unlike in Crohns
• affects large intestines and rectum

Answer 10

chronic ulcerative colitis

Question 11

most common inflammatory lesion of the bowel, caused primarily to the narrow caliber of the appendix, the base of which often becomes plugged by firm bits of fecal matter

Answer 11

appendicitis

Question 12

• lactase breaks down lactose into two monosaccharides, glucose and galacose
• lack of lactase enzyme results in..

Answer 12

lactose intolerance

Question 13

• aka spastic colitis or mucous colitis
• episodes of crampy abdominal discomfort, loud gurgling sounds, and disturbed bowel function
• alternating diarrhea and constipation

Answer 13

IBS: irritable bowl syndrome

Question 14

an inflammation of the diverticulum

Answer 14

diverticulitis

Question 15

a condition characterized by an outpouching of the colonic mucosa through weak areas in the muscular walls

Answer 15

diverticulosis

Question 16

an outpouching from an organ, as from the mucosa of the colon, which projects through the muscular wall

Answer 16

diverticulum

Question 17

a protrusion of a loop of bowel through a narrow opening, usually in the abdominal wall

Answer 17

hernia

Question 18

a rotary twisting of the intestine on its mesentery, with obstruction of the blood supply to the twisted segment

Answer 18

volvulus

Question 19

a telescoping of one segment of bowel into an adjacent segment

Answer 19

intussusception

Question 20

varicosities of anal and rectal veins

Answer 20

hemorrhoids