Chapter 19: evolution of populations Flashcards
what is population genetics
the study of what changes allele frequencies in populations through time
what is the hardy-weinberg equilibrium
when allele frequencies are stable from generation to generation
what is genetic drift
elimination of an allele by change
what is the bottleneck effect
a chance event or catastrophe that can reduce the genetic variability within a poulation
What is natural selection
when organisms that are more fit for an environment tend to better survive to produce off spring
what is gene flow
the introduction of new genes to a location when one individual travels from on geographic location to another
what are the types of natural selection
- stabilizing selection
- directional selection
- diversifying selection
what is stabilizing selection
natural selection where the average phenotype is favoured
what is directional selection
a change in the environment shifts the phenotypes that are observed
what is diversifying selection
two or more extereme phenotypes are selected while the average phenotype is selected against.
what is dimorphism
when a singular trait is displayed in two different ways within the same species (the male will have different features then the woman)
what is the number one important thing to remember about evolution
is has no-long term purpose or direction
what is a genetic drift map
tracks the prediction for the predicted outcome of where things are drifting towards
what is the benefit to the bottle neck effect
it creates genetic variation in the gene pool
what is sexual dimorphism
when a trait is displayed in an organism that will be benifical to offspring (something that will produce the best phenotype)
