chapter 1-2: foundations of biology

Question 1

what is biology?

Answer 1

the study of life on planet Earth

Question 2

what is science?

Answer 2

knowledge that covers general truth or the operation of general laws

Question 3

what is natural science?

Answer 3

fields of science related to the physical world and its processes

Question 4

what is inductive reasoning?

Answer 4

a form of logical thinking that uses related observation to produce a general conclusion

Question 5

what is deductive reasoning?

Answer 5

form of logical thinking that uses a general principal or law to predict forecast specific results

Question 6

what does deductive reasoning lead to

Answer 6

leads to predicted results

Question 7

what does inductive reasoning lead to

Answer 7

scientific conclusions

Question 8

what is the relationship between inductive and deductive reasoning

Answer 8

the conclusion that is found inductive reasoning can be put forth to produce a general premise for deductive reasoning on a different topic

Question 9

what is basic science

Answer 9

seeks to extend knowledge regardless of the short-term application of that knowledge

Question 10

what is applied science

Answer 10

aims to use science to solve immediate problems

Question 11

what are the steps to the scientific method

Answer 11

1) makes an observation
2) ask a question
3) make a hypothesis
4) make a prediction based on the hypothesis
5) preform the experiment
6) analyze the results (is the hypothesis correct or incorrect
7)report results

Question 12

What are the properties of life (according to science)

Answer 12

• order: the ability of organisms parts to work together (organized structure)
• sensitivity or response to stimuli: ability to respond to the environment
• reproduction
• growth and development
• regulation
• homeostasis
• energy processing

Question 13

what are basic needs of life

Answer 13

• respiration
• self energy
• be able to reproduce
• borders
• DNA

Question 14

what is the respiration portion that is needed for survival

Answer 14

respiration: interact efficentily with the environment

Question 15

what is the self energy portion that is needed for survival

Answer 15

self energy: must be able to make its own energy (cell processes)

Question 16

what is the border portion that is needed for survival

Answer 16

borders: allows organisms to remain their own organism

Question 17

what are the three super kingdoms of life

Answer 17

1) bacteria: single celled organisms that lack intracellular organelles (prokaryotes)
2) archaea: single celled organisms that lack intracellular organelles (prokaryotes)
3) Eukarya: organisms that multicellular and contain the proper cell structure with a true nucleus and organelles

Question 18

which super kingdom of life are humans apart of

Answer 18

Eukarya

Question 19

which super kingdom of life was thought to be the first to exist

Answer 19

Archaea; is thought that it broke into the other two super kingdom of life groups

Question 20

what is the biological levels of organization

Answer 20

1) organelles - parts inside the cells
2) cells
3) tissues
4) organs and organs systems
5) whole organisms, populations, and communities
6) ecosystems
7) biospheres

Question 21

what is the oldest ancestor of all organism that is supported through evolution

Answer 21

Luka; is proved to an ancestor as it linked us all together by the 5 properties of life

Question 22

what is life composed of

Answer 22

matter (occupies space and has mass)

Question 23

what are elements

Answer 23

unique forms of matter

Question 24

what the most common elements of living organisms

Answer 24

carbon = c
oxygen = o
hydrogen = h
nitrogen = n

Question 25

what common element of life lets use know that a reaction will occur

Answer 25

oxygen

Question 26

what is the smallest building block of life

Answer 26

atoms

Question 27

what is an atom

Answer 27

a unit of matter that retains all chemical properties of an element

Question 28

what are the two regions of the atom

Answer 28

- nucleus - valance shells or electrons clouds

Question 29

what is a nucleus

Answer 29

the centre of the atoms that contains protons and neutrons

Question 30

what type of bond commonly wants to react with their environment

Answer 30

polarized bonds

Question 31

what is the mass of protons and neutrons

Answer 31

1 amu (both of them)

Question 32

What does the atomic number indicate

Answer 32

tells us the amount of protons in an atom

Question 33

where is the atomic number located

Answer 33

the top number above the element, is the identification number of an element

Question 34

what is an atomic mass

Answer 34

the mass of an atom roughly equal to the number of protons and neutrons

Question 35

How do you figure out the amount of neutrons in an atom

Answer 35

the whole number in the Atomic mass - the elements atomic number

Question 36

what indicated isotopes

Answer 36

a different number of electrons then the original element

Question 37

What kind of element based animals are humans

Answer 37

carbon based

Question 38

In a neutral charged atoms oh much of subatomic particles are there

Answer 38

equal number of protons, electrons, and neutrons (same as the atomic number)

Question 39

What makes an elements more stronger than others

Answer 39

the closer the outside valence shell is to the nucleus

Question 40

what is a chemical reaction

Answer 40

changes in distribution of electrons between atoms

Question 41

Why are we carbon based animals

Answer 41

carbon has weaker bonds that are able to be broken down to react with other elements

Question 42

what is an irreversible reaction

Answer 42

a process that can only happen in one direction until all the reactants are used up

Question 43

what is a reversible reaction

Answer 43

reactants are converted into products but some of the products can be turned back into a reactant

Question 44

What are chemical bonds

Answer 44

the attractive force that links atoms together to form molecules

Question 45

what is a covalent bond

Answer 45

when two or more atoms bond with each other to form a molecule (h2o) - electrons are shared unequally or equally depending on the types of polarize bonds

Question 46

what is a double bond

Answer 46

when a set of elements share more than one electron

Question 47

what is an ionic bond

Answer 47

when when one element gives up or receives an electron (metals will typically lose and electrons and non metals will gain an electron in order to complete an out shell)

Question 48

what is a polar covalent bonds

Answer 48

a type of covalent bond where the electrons are shared unequally (attracted to one nucleus rather then the other)

Question 49

what is a non polar bond

Answer 49

a type of covalent bond where the electrons are shared equally

Question 50

what is required in order to break ionic and covalent bonds

Answer 50

energy is required

Question 51

What are hydrogen bonds

Answer 51

a force where the interactions between a atom with a positive electromagnetic charge and an element that has a negative electromagnetic charge ( element charge)

Question 52

What is a van der waal force (interaction)

Answer 52

a weaker attraction between two or more molecules because of the changes in electron density

Question 53

what is the order of weakest bonds to strongest

Answer 53

- hydrogen / van der waal - ionic - polar covalent - nonpolar covalent

Question 54

Why is water the most critical molecule of life

Answer 54

- it is polar so it will react with the environment - it forms hydrogen bonds

Question 55

What is the structure of a water molecules

Answer 55

a singular atom of H2O is connected by polar covalent bounds between the oxygen and the hydrogen. To bond multiple H2O atoms together a hydrogen bond is created