Chapter 1.9 - Environmental Hazards

Question 1

Earthquakes occur at

Answer 1

sliding plate boundaries

Question 2

At a constructuve plate boundary the plates are forced in opposite directions causing rocks in these

Answer 2

areas to be put under a great deal of tension. Eventually the tension snaps and the plates move sharply causing shock waves (earthqauke)

Question 3

At a destructive plate boundary oceanic plate is being forced under the continental plate because

Answer 3

the oceanic plate is denser, this is known as subduction.

Question 4

At a sliding plate boundary the plates forced in opposite directions causing rocks to be put under a

Answer 4

great deal of tension. eventually the rocks break and move sharply, causing shock waves to travel to the earth’s surface.

Question 5

The source of shockwaves is called the

Answer 5

focus and the point immdeiately above it is the epicentre

Question 6

The P waves cause rocks to

Answer 6

move up and down and are the fatest type of wave

Question 7

The S waves cause sideways movement

Answer 7

of rocks and move at about 2/3 of the speed of ‘p’ waves

Question 8

Shockwaves can be measured using a

Answer 8

seismometer

Question 9

The scale used to determine an earthqauke strength is the

Answer 9

Richter scale

Question 10

Volcanoes are found near boundaries of crustal plates. The most active volcanoes are located through the

Answer 10

Mediterranean area along the edge of the Pacific Ocean - The Pacific Ring of fire

Question 11

At a constructive plate boundary volcanoes are formed when the two plate move apart. Magma

Answer 11

rises to fill the gap caused by the plate movement. The magma cools and soldifies to form new crust. Sometimes a large build results in the formation of a new volcano

Question 12

At a destructive boundary the oceanic plate is being froced under the continental plat because the oceani is denser this is known as subduction. The

Answer 12

crust melts because of the intense heat and pressure in the mantle. It become molten rock. The molten rock will make it’s way to the surface through cracks and fissures in the continental crust forming volanoes.

Question 13

Mt St Helens erupted on May the

Answer 13

18th 1980 at 8:32 am

Question 14

Mt St Helens killed

Answer 14

• 7000 animals including bear, 12 million salmon, 61 people were killed.
• Trees were destroyed up to 25km away and the mudflow destoyed bridges, houses and logging camps.
• The ash caused flights to be cancelled and 90% of the people killed were outside the exclusion zone.
• £100 million worth of damage was done to farmers machinery.
• It cost £1million just to remove the ash from the town of Yakum. A
• n estimated £3 billion worth of damage was caused.

Question 15

Mt st helens aid

Answer 15

• Short Term:
• 198 people rescued
• exclusion zone
• Long Term:
• £700 million was donated by government
• 1 million trees replanted
• Tourist facilities attractin 3 million a year
• new highway
• New salmon hatchery

Question 16

The Haiti Earthquake took place on

Answer 16

January the 12th 2010 at 6:22am

Question 17

The Haiti Earthquake, there were

Answer 17

• 220,000 deaths, 300,000 people injured
• 1.5 million became homeless
• 4000 schools damaged
• land sunk below sea level
• rivers became polluted due to humane waste
• caused $7.8 billion of damage
• 105,000 homes were destroyed causing $2.3 billion in damage
• Haiti was unable to export

Question 18

The Haiti Earthquake aid was

Answer 18

• $330 million by the Eu for re-building
• The Sengalese offered land
• Dominican Republic offered support and accepted refugees
• $1.1 billion was donated by charities
• 2% of this money has been released
• 1million people still displaced

Question 19

Tropical storms form between the

Answer 19

tropics of Cancer and Capricorn

Question 20

For a tropical storm to form the conditions must be

Answer 20

• water at 60 meteres in depth
• 27 degrees in temperature
• 60% humidity
• Low air pressure

Question 21

The formation of a tropical storm begins with warm, damp air rising apidly and begining to spiral because

Answer 21

of the spinning of the earth. The warm air cools and as it rises the vapour condenses to form clouds and rain. The air spreads out high in the atmosphere and as more air rises and spreads more air is sucked in

Question 22

Hurricane Katrina took place on

Answer 22

Monday the 29th of August at 6:10am 2005

Question 23

Katrina effects were

Answer 23

• More than 1800 people were killed
  ·300,000 houses were destroyed
• 3 million people were left without electricity
• There were looting and rapes after the hurricane.
• A day after the Hurricane around 80% of the city is underwater.
• 1 in every 10 bridges in New Orleans has collapsed.
• Total of $300 billion of damage
• 230,000 of jobs were lost from businesses that were damaged or destroyed
• 30 offshore oil platforms sunk or went missing. This increased the price of fuel.

Question 24

Hurricane Katrina short term Aid was

Answer 24

• FEMA helped co-ordinate the rescues
• Governments and charities (Red Cross) go in with blankets, food and water.
• During the storm, the coast guard, police, fire service, army and volunteers rescued over 50,000 people.
• Helicopters rescue people and also air lift people to hospital.
• About 25,000 people were given at the Louisiana Superdome immediately after the storm.

Question 25

Hurricane Katrina long term aid was

Answer 25

• The US government has spent over $800 million on re-building flood defences
• Around $34 billion has been set aside for the re-building of things like houses and schools.
• Money donated from all across the USA and other countries (70).
• Kuwait made the largest donation of $500 million.
• Army clean up city.