Chapter 19 Endocrine and Hematologic Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

The main function of the endocrine system is to _____.

A

Maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

A patient with an altered mental status; high blood glucose levels; and deep, rapid breathing may have a condition known as _____.

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

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3
Q

A patient with hypoglycemia will often present with what signs and symptoms?

A

Pale, cool, clammy skin
Stroke-like symptoms
Altered mental status

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4
Q

The two main types of cells contained in the blood are called _____.

A

Erythrocytes (RBCs) and leukocytes (WBCs)

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5
Q

The brain requires _____ as much as it requires oxygen.

A

Glucose

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6
Q

A 37-year- old with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days’ duration. Her blood glucose level reads 320 mg/dL. If the patient’s condition is not promptly treated, she will most likely develop:

A

Acidosis and dehydration

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7
Q

In contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes:

A

Is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level

Developd later in life

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8
Q

The EMT should assess for hypoglycemia in small children with a severe illness or injury because:

A

Children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults

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9
Q

Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:

A
Cool, clammy skin
Weakness
Tachycardia
Rapid respirations
Strokelike symptoms
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10
Q

A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:

A

A heart attack

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11
Q

DELETE

A

Open and maintain her airway and assess her breathing

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12
Q

What is the proper procedure for administering oral glucose?

A

Patient is alert and oriented
Clear airway
1g per 1kg of body weight

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13
Q

In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less likely to contain _____.

A

Oxygen

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14
Q

A 66-year-old women experienced a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She has a history of type 2 diabetes and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the basis of her medical history, what should the EMT suspect?

A

A pulmonary embolism

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15
Q

During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that:

A

He has hemophilia A

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16
Q

What is a condition that a diabetic person is at an increased risk of developing?

17
Q

You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 480 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes:

18
Q

Symptomatic hypoglycemia will most likely develop if a patient:

A

Takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin

Takes insulin without eating

19
Q

The normal blood glucose level is between:

A

80 and 120 mg/dL

20
Q

Excessive eating caused by cellular “hunger” is called:

A

Polyphagia

21
Q

The accumulation of ketones and fatty acids in the blood tissue can lead to a dangerous condition known as:

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

22
Q

The onset of hypoglycemia can occur within:

23
Q

Blood glucose levels are measured in:

A

Milligrams per deciliter

24
Q

Type 1 diabetes is considered to be a(n) _____ problem, in which the body becomes allergic to its own tissues and literally destroys them.

A

Autoimmune

25
What is the name of the chemical produced by a gland that regulates body organs?
Hormones
26
What hormone enables glucose to enter the cells?
Insulin
27
Which form of diabetes usually starts in childhood and requires insulin?
Type 1 diabetes
28
Which form of diabetes has an onset later in life and may be controlled by diet and oral medication?
Type 2 diabetes
29
What is sickle cell disease?
An inherited disease that affects red blood cells | Sickle shaped
30
What is hemophilia?
A disorder that causes an inability to develop blood clots
31
What is thrombophilia?
A tendency to develop blood clots
32
Define insulin shock
Severe hypoglycemia resulting in an overflow of insulin in the blood
33
Define diabetic coma
Unconsciousness in a diabetic person as a result of hypoglycemia
34
Where specifically in the pancreas is insulin produced?
Islets of langerhans
35
What does hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes patients lead to?
Ketoacidosis with dehydration from excess urination
36
What does hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients lead to?
Nonketonic hyperosmolar state of dehydration from discharge of fluids all over the body
37
Define hyperosmolarity
Very concentrated blood as a result of dehydration
38
What does DVT stand for
Deep Vein Thrombosis
39
Who are at increased risk for DVT?
Sedentary patients | Patients who've had a recent injury or surgery