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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 19 — Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 19 — Digestive System Flashcards

0
Q

Put in order the passageway of the GI tract.

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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1
Q

What is the moment of food along the GI Tract

A

Mixing and propulsion

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2
Q

What is the gastrointestinal tract?

A

The passageway where digestion and absorption occur

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3
Q

What are the accessory organs?

A

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

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4
Q

This layer is the epithelium directly in contact with food.

A

Mucosa

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5
Q

This layer contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and enteric nervous system

A

Submucos

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6
Q

This is the muscle layer

A

Muscularis

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7
Q

This is the visceral layer of the peritoneum

A

Serosa

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8
Q

The ______ blocks the entry of food or drink from the nasal cavity and the _____adjusts shape for speaking and swallowing.

A

Uvula; tongue

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9
Q

____ _______ is secreted in the mouth and breaks down _______

A

Salivary amylase; starches

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10
Q

______ is the hard protection over the crown of the tooth, ______ is the majority of the interior of the tooth, and ______ is the nerve, blood vessels, and lymphatics.

A

Enamel; dentin, pulp cavity

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11
Q

Humans have ____ adult teeth and ____ deciduous.

A

32; 20

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12
Q

There are ____ canines, ____ incisors, ____ molars, and ____ premolars

A

4; 8; 12; 8

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13
Q

What is the ball of food that is swallowed?

A

Bolts

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14
Q

What are the three stages of food passage?

A

Voluntary, pharyngeal, esophageal

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15
Q

________ is the rhythmic waves of smooth muscle contractions and relaxation in a tubular muscular system.

A

Peristalsis

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16
Q

What moves food along the GI tract?

A

Peristalsis

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17
Q

The ____ allows for expansion in walls of the stomach.

A

Rugae

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18
Q

_____ houses ______ containing secretory glands.

A

Gastric pits; gastric glands

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19
Q

Mucus cells produce what?

A

Mucus

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20
Q

What produces HCL and intrinsic factor?

A

Parietal cells

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21
Q

HCL and intrinsic factor are collectively called _______.

A

Gastric juice

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22
Q

Chief cells produce ______.

A

Pepsinogen

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23
Q

What secretes gastrin into the blood?

A

G cells

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24
Which of the layers are unique to the stomach?
Oblique layer
25
____ digests in the mouth, ______ in the stomach, and ____ in the small intestine.
Carbohydrates/starches; proteins; fats/lipids
26
What is partially digested food mixed with gastric juice?
Chyme
27
_________ is activated by HCL in the stomach and becomes _________
Pepsinogen; pepsin
28
What is an enzyme that digests proteins into peptides?
Proteases
29
Chronic heartburn is called _______
Acid reflux
30
Vomiting is reverse _______ caused by contractions of the _______ and abdominal muscles.
Peristalsis; diaphragm
31
The pancreas secretes _______ in __________
Pancreatic juice; acinar cells
32
What neutralizes stomach acid and contains many digestive enzymes?
Pancreatic juice
33
What eliminates stomach acid in the small intestine?
Sodium bicarbonate
34
The liver consists of functional units called ______ which form rows of _______
Hepatic yetis
35
What filters blood in the liver?
Kupffer cells
36
The __________ stores bile
Gallbladder
37
What makes bile?
Hepatocytes
38
Where is bile made?
The lived
39
What are the two components of bile?
Bilirubin and bile salts
40
What makes stercobilin?
Bilirubin
41
_______ is the process that makes fats more digestible for absorption
Emulsification
42
_______ form from bile and obstruct bile salts.
Gallstones
43
What gives feces it's brown color?
Stercobilin
44
What is inflammation of the liver?
Hepatitis
45
What causes the liver to become fatty and results in scar tissue?
Cirrhosis
46
What region of the small intestine connects to the somach?
Duodenum
47
What is the middle section of the small intestine?
Jejunum
48
What is the region of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine?
Ileum
49
The ______ connects the ileum to the cecum
Ileocecal sphinter
50
Where does chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur?
In the small intestine
51
What in the small intestine increases surface area?
Circular folds
52
What are specialized lymphatic capillaries for absorption of large lipids?
Lacteals
53
______ are fingerlike projections of mucosa
Villi
54
______ Are simple columnar epithelium cells with microvilli
Absorptive cells
55
________ secrete digestive hormones and ________ secrete lysozyme.
Enteroendocrine cells; paneth cells
56
___________ produce ____________ which helps neutralize stomach acid.
Duodenal glands; alkaline mucus
57
What are the invaginations between villi that contain glands that secrete digestive enzymes?
Crypts of lieberkuhn
58
What gland secretes many enzymes that complete digestion?
Intestinal gland
59
What three enzymes are secreted by the pancreas and digest carbohydrates?
Sucrase, maltase, and lactase
60
What is the only enzyme secreted in the stomach?
Pepsin
61
Pancreatic Proteases is secreted in the ______ and breaks down _______.
Pancreas; proteins
62
What three enzymes break down proteins?
Pepsin, pancreatic proteases, and peptidases
63
____ break down lipids and is secreted in the _____
Lipase; pancreas
64
What is the order of the small intestine?
Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
65
What are the four regions of the large intestine?
Cecum, colon, anal canal, and rectum
66
The colon absorbs _____ and _____.
Salt and water
67
_______ is produced by g cells in the stomach and stimulates the secretion of _______.
Gastrin
68
What increases GI tract motility?
Gastrin
69
What stimulates the release of bicarbonate rich pancreatic juice?
Secretin
70
What stimulates bile ejection and inhibits gastric emptying?
Cholecystokinin
71
What two hormones are secreted by the enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine?
Secretin and cholecystokinin
72
The _____ layer of the large intestine contain goblet cells and secrete mucus.
Mucosa

Anatomy & Physiology (4 decks)

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