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Language Of Medicine > Chapter 19 Cancer Medicine > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Cancer Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Adjuvant chemotherapy

A

Assist primary treatment

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2
Q

Alkalizing agent

A

Synthetic chemicals containing alkyd groups that attack DNA

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3
Q

Anaplasia

A

Loss of differentiation of cells

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4
Q

Angiogenis

A

Process of forming new blood vessels

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5
Q

Antibiotics

A

Chemicals produced by bacteria or primitive plants inhibit growth of cells

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6
Q

Antimetabolites

A

Chemicals that prevent cell division; inhibit formation of substances need to make DNA

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7
Q

Antimiotic

A

Drugs that block cell division

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8
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

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9
Q

Benign tumor

A

Noncancerous growth

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10
Q

Biological respons modifier

A

Produced by normal cells; directly block tumor growth or simulate immune system to fight cancer

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11
Q

Biological therapy

A

Use of th body’s own defenses to destroy tumors cells

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12
Q

Brachytherapy

A

Use of radiation placed directly on or within the cancer

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13
Q

Carcinogens

A

Agents that cause cancer

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14
Q

Carcinoma

A

Cancerous tumor made up of cells of epithelial origins

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15
Q

Cellular onogenes

A

Pieces of DNA, activated mutations or dislocation, that can cause a normal cell to become malignant

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16
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Treatment with drugs

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17
Q

Combination chemotherapy

A

Use of several chemotherapeutic agents together in treatment of tumors

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18
Q

Dedifferentation

A

Loss of differentiation cells

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19
Q

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

A

Genetic material withi nucleus of a cell, control cell division and protein synthesis

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20
Q

Differentiation

A

Specialization of cells

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21
Q

Electron beams

A

Low energy beams of radiation for treatment of skin or surface tumors

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22
Q

Encapsulated

A

Surrounding by a capsule; benign tumors are encapsulated

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23
Q

External beam irradiation

A

Applying radiation to a tumor from a source outside the body

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24
Q

Fields

A

dimension of body areas undergoing irradiation

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25
Q

Fractionation

A

Giving radiation in small repeated doses

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26
Q

Genetic screening

A

Testing family members to determine if they have inherited a cancer-causing gene

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27
Q

Grading tumors

A

Evaluating the degree of maturity of tumors cells

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28
Q

Gray

A

Unit of absorbed radiation dose

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29
Q

Gross description of tumors

A

Visual appearance of tumors to the naked eye

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30
Q

Infiltrative

A

Extending beyond normal tissue boundaries into adjacent tissues

31
Q

Invasive

A

Having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue

32
Q

Irradiation

A

Exposurevto any dorm of radiant energy such as light, heat, or xrays

33
Q

Linear accelerator

A

Large electronic device that produces high-energy x-ray beams for treatment of deep seated tumors

34
Q

Malignant tumor

A

Tumors having the characteristics of continuous growth, invasiveness and metastasis

35
Q

Mesenchymal

A

Embryonic connective tissue

36
Q

Metastasis

A

Spead of tumor to a secondary site

37
Q

Microscopic description of tumors

A

Appearance of tumors when viewed under a microscope

38
Q

Mitosis

A

Replication of cells

39
Q

Mixed tissue tumors

A

Tumors composed of different types of tissue

40
Q

Modality

A

Method of treatment,such as surgery, chemotherapy, or irradiation

41
Q

Molecular targeted therapy

A

Anticancer drugs designed to block the function of growth factor, their receptors, and signaling pathways in specific tumor cells

42
Q

Morbidity

A

Condition of being unwell

43
Q

Mucinous

A

Containing mucus

44
Q

Mutation

A

Change in DNA may be spontaneous or caused by chemicals radiation or viruses

45
Q

Neoplasm

A

New growth

46
Q

Nucleotide

A

Unit of DNA composed of a sugar, phosphate and a base

47
Q

Oncogene

A

Region of DNA in tumor cell or in viruses that cause cancer

48
Q

Palliative

A

Relieving, but not curing

49
Q

Pendunculated

A

Possessing a stalk or stem

50
Q

Photon therapy

A

Radiation therapy using energy in the form of x-rays or gamma rays

51
Q

Protocol

A

Detailed plan for treating illness

52
Q

Proton therapy

A

Use of proton produced by cyclotron to depositva dose of radiation at a tightly focused point in the body

53
Q

Radiation

A

Energy carried by a stream of particles

54
Q

Radiocurable tumor

A

Tumor that is destroyed by radiation therapy

55
Q

Radioresistant tumor

A

Tumor that requires large doses of radiation to be destroyed

56
Q

Radiosensitive tumor

A

Tumor in which radiation can cause the death of xells without serious damage to surrounding tissue

57
Q

Radiosensitizera

A

Drugs that increase the sensitivity of tumors to x-rays

58
Q

Radio therapy

A

Treatment of tumors using doses of radiation

59
Q

Relapse

A

Recurrence of tumor after treatment

60
Q

Relapse

A

Recurrence of tumor after treatment

61
Q

Remission

A

Partial or complete disappearance of symptoms of disease

62
Q

Ribonucleic acid RNA

A

Cellular substance that represents a copy of DNA; directs formation of new proteins inside cells

63
Q

Sarcoma

A

Cancerous tumor derived from connective or flesh tissue

64
Q

Serous

A

Having the appearance of a thin watery fluid

65
Q

Sessile

A

Having no stem

66
Q

Simulation

A

Study using CT scan or MRI to map treatment before RT is given

67
Q

Solid tumor

A

Timor composed of a mass of cells

68
Q

Staging of tumor

A

System of evaluating the extent of spread of tumor

69
Q

Stereotactic radiosurgery

A

Delivery of dose of radiatiob under stereotactic guidance

70
Q

Steroids

A

Complex, naturally occurring chemicals derived from cholesterol

71
Q

Surgical procedures to treat cancer

A

Methods of removing cancerous tissue

72
Q

Viral oncogenes

A

Pieces of DNA from viruses that infect a normal cell and cause it to become malignant

73
Q

Virus

A

Infectious agent thar reproduces by entering a host cell and uses the cwlls genetic material to copy itself

Language Of Medicine (14 decks)

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