Chapter 19

Question 1

Blood

Answer 1

Liquid connective tissue that consists of cells surrounded by allied extracellular matrix called plasma.

Question 2

Interstitial fluid

Answer 2

The fluid that bathes body cells and is constantly renewed by the blood.

Question 3

Function of blood

Answer 3

1. transportation of oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the GI tract to the interstitial fluid and then into body cells, as well as carbon dioxide and other wastes in the reverse direction; 2. Regulation of body fluid pH by the use of buffers that convert strong acids and bases into weak ones; 3. protection by clotting as well as white blood cells that protect against disease

Question 4

Physical characteristics of blood

Answer 4

Dense, thick, slightly sticky. 38 degrees and slightly alkaline. Bright red blood is oxygenated. By volume about 5-6 litres in the body. 8% body mass. 55% plasma, 45% formed elements.

Question 5

Plasma

Answer 5

91.5% water and 8.5% solutes, mainly proteins

Question 6

Plasma proteins

Answer 6

Proteins synthesized by the liver not found anywhere else in the body: albumin, globulins, fibrogens

Question 7

Antibodies

Answer 7

Plasma proteins that are produces during immune responses that bind specifically to the antigen that stimulated its production.

Question 8

RBCs

Answer 8

Transport oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Question 9

WBCs

Answer 9

Protect the body from foreign substances

Question 10

Platelets

Answer 10

No nucleus, fragment cells that promote clotting

Question 11

Hematocrit

Answer 11

The total volume of red blood cells between 38-54% depending on sex

Question 12

Polycythemia

Answer 12

A hematocrit of 65% or higher which causes an increase in viscosity and makes it more difficult for the heart to pump. Can also lead to high blood pressure or stroke.