Chapter 19

Question 1

What is the goal of psychotherapy?

Answer 1

• Aim to change the thought process, feelings, or behavior of the individual
  1. Provide people with hope for recovery
  2. Provide new perspective and outlook on life
  3. Provide a caring, trusting relationship for the patient
  4. Bring about change in the individual

Question 2

What is the goal of biological therapy?

Answer 2

• Attempt to alleviate psychological problems by affecting the nervous system in some way

Question 3

Usually work in educational institution

Answer 3

Counseling Psychologist

Question 4

Work in medical offices or hospitals

Answer 4

Clinical psychologists

Question 5

Medical doctors who are only allowed to prescribe medicine

Answer 5

Psychiatrist

Question 6

Psychotherapy consists of ___

Answer 6

Verbal interactions between a trained professional and a patient

Question 7

To improve relationships

Answer 7

Couple therapy

Question 8

Improvise dysfunctional families

Answer 8

Family therapy

Question 9

Alcohol, drug addicts, and gamblers

Answer 9

Self-help groups

Question 10

Popular in the 1960s and 1970s (people would form groups to share their feelings)

Answer 10

Encounter groups

Question 11

What are the techniques of psychoanalytic?

Answer 11

1. Free Association
2. Dream Analysis
3. Transference

Question 12

a. Developed by frued
b. Clients are allowed to say whatever comes to mind
c. The analyst records in hope that unconscious thoughts will come out
d. Role of analyst- rarely say anything until end of session

Answer 12

Free association

Question 13

Analysts interpret content of clients dreams to unlock unconscious thoughts and feelings

Answer 13

Dream Analysis

Question 14

Refers to the actual content of the dream that the client remembers

Answer 14

Manifest content

Question 15

Hidden meaning in the dream that the therapist interprets

Answer 15

Latent content

Question 16

a. The client views their relationships as their relationship with their therapist
b. The transferred feelings and expectations that are shown are examined by the therapist

Answer 16

Transference

Question 17

Evaluation of psychoanalysis

Answer 17

1. Successful with the treatment of anxiety and mild depression
2. Not useful for major depression
3. Most successful with those who are less verbal with no education

Question 18

What is the goal of the humanistic approach?

Answer 18

Help individuals reach their full potential

Question 19

What are the views of the humanistic approach?

Answer 19

1. Most people are basically good
2. People with disorders only need help tapping into their inner resources
3. They believe people really do want to achieve their full potential

Question 20

What is the technique of humanistic therapy?

Answer 20

Person-centered therapy

Question 21

a. Developed by Carl Rogers who believed that psychological problems arise when people stop being true to themselves and instead act as others want or expect them to act
b. Uses non-directive therapy
c. Active listening

Answer 21

Person-centered therapy

Question 22

Clients take the lead and talk openly about what is bothering them

Answer 22

Non-directive therapy

Question 23

The listener repeats, rephrases and asks for clarification of the statements made by the speaker; the therapist remains non-judgemental and provides unconditional positive reinforcement

Answer 23

Active listening

Question 24

Evaluation of humanistic therapy

Answer 24

1. Effective for people that are well educated and highly motivated
2. Ineffective for people who have major depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia

Question 25

What is the goal of cognitive therapy?

Answer 25

Help people learn to think about their problems in more productive ways

Question 26

b. Focus on the beliefs, attitudes, and thought processes that create and compound their clients’ problems c. Believe they some people develop ways of thinking that are illogical, faulty assumptions

Answer 26

Cognitive therapy

Question 27

What are the 2 methods of cognitive therapy?

Answer 27

1. Rational-Emotional Behavior Therapy | 2. Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

Question 28

Believe that people are basically logical in their thinking and actions. However, the assumptions upon which people base their thinking actions are sometimes incorrect

Answer 28

REBT

Question 29

a. Focuses on restructuring illogical thought processes | b. 3 types of illogical thought processes - arbitrary inference, selective abstraction, and over generalization

Answer 29

Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

Question 30

Drawing conclusions for which there is no evidence

Answer 30

Arbitrary inference

Question 31

Drawing conclusions about a situation based on one detail

Answer 31

Selective abstraction

Question 32

Drawing a general conclusion from a single experience

Answer 32

Over generalization

Question 33

What is the goal of behavior therapy?

Answer 33

To help people develop more adaptive behavior

Question 34

Who believes this? - both desirable and undesirable behaviors are learned and people with psychological problems have learned unhealthy ways of learning

Answer 34

Behaviorists

Question 35

What are the techniques of behavior therapy?

Answer 35

1. Counterconditioning | 2. Operant conditioning

Question 36

a. Helps people to unlearn undesirable behavior | b. Consists of 3 techniques

Answer 36

Counterconditioning

Question 37

What are the 3 techniques of counterconditioning?

Answer 37

1. Systematic desensitization 2. Modeling 3. Aversive conditioning

Question 38

Therapist trains the client to relax in the presence of an anxiety- producing situations; used for phobias and anxiety disorders

Answer 38

Systematic desensitization

Question 39

The client observers and then imitates the therapist coping with the feared object or situation

Answer 39

Modeling

Question 40

The opposite of systematic conditioning; the therapist replaces a positive response to a stimulus with a negative response; used for those that have an addiction- therapist makes the addiction unpleasant by overexposure

Answer 40

Aversive conditioning

Question 41

a. Based upon the assumption that behavior that is reinforced tend to be repeated and behavior that is not reinforced tends to be extinguished b. Therapist gives rewards for desirable behavior c. Used for people with schizophrenia, autism, and in mental hospitals d. Consists of 2 techniques

Answer 41

Operant conditioning

Question 42

What are the 2 techniques of operant conditioning?

Answer 42

1. Token economy | 2. Successive Approximations

Question 43

System of rewards in which tokens can be exchanged for a real reward

Answer 43

Token economy

Question 44

Refers to a series of behaviors that gradually become the desired behavior

Answer 44

Successive approximations

Question 45

Evaluation of behavior therapy

Answer 45

1. Tends to be more effective than psychoanalysis in person centered therapy 2. Not effective for treating the thought disorder of schizophrenia