Chapter 19 Flashcards
What is the goal of psychotherapy?
- Aim to change the thought process, feelings, or behavior of the individual
1. Provide people with hope for recovery
2. Provide new perspective and outlook on life
3. Provide a caring, trusting relationship for the patient
4. Bring about change in the individual
What is the goal of biological therapy?
- Attempt to alleviate psychological problems by affecting the nervous system in some way
Usually work in educational institution
Counseling Psychologist
Work in medical offices or hospitals
Clinical psychologists
Medical doctors who are only allowed to prescribe medicine
Psychiatrist
Psychotherapy consists of ___
Verbal interactions between a trained professional and a patient
To improve relationships
Couple therapy
Improvise dysfunctional families
Family therapy
Alcohol, drug addicts, and gamblers
Self-help groups
Popular in the 1960s and 1970s (people would form groups to share their feelings)
Encounter groups
What are the techniques of psychoanalytic?
- Free Association
- Dream Analysis
- Transference
a. Developed by frued
b. Clients are allowed to say whatever comes to mind
c. The analyst records in hope that unconscious thoughts will come out
d. Role of analyst- rarely say anything until end of session
Free association
Analysts interpret content of clients dreams to unlock unconscious thoughts and feelings
Dream Analysis
Refers to the actual content of the dream that the client remembers
Manifest content
Hidden meaning in the dream that the therapist interprets
Latent content
a. The client views their relationships as their relationship with their therapist
b. The transferred feelings and expectations that are shown are examined by the therapist
Transference
Evaluation of psychoanalysis
- Successful with the treatment of anxiety and mild depression
- Not useful for major depression
- Most successful with those who are less verbal with no education
What is the goal of the humanistic approach?
Help individuals reach their full potential
What are the views of the humanistic approach?
- Most people are basically good
- People with disorders only need help tapping into their inner resources
- They believe people really do want to achieve their full potential
What is the technique of humanistic therapy?
Person-centered therapy
a. Developed by Carl Rogers who believed that psychological problems arise when people stop being true to themselves and instead act as others want or expect them to act
b. Uses non-directive therapy
c. Active listening
Person-centered therapy
Clients take the lead and talk openly about what is bothering them
Non-directive therapy
The listener repeats, rephrases and asks for clarification of the statements made by the speaker; the therapist remains non-judgemental and provides unconditional positive reinforcement
Active listening
Evaluation of humanistic therapy
- Effective for people that are well educated and highly motivated
- Ineffective for people who have major depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia
What is the goal of cognitive therapy?
Help people learn to think about their problems in more productive ways
b. Focus on the beliefs, attitudes, and thought processes that create and compound their clients’ problems
c. Believe they some people develop ways of thinking that are illogical, faulty assumptions
Cognitive therapy
What are the 2 methods of cognitive therapy?
- Rational-Emotional Behavior Therapy
2. Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Believe that people are basically logical in their thinking and actions. However, the assumptions upon which people base their thinking actions are sometimes incorrect
REBT
a. Focuses on restructuring illogical thought processes
b. 3 types of illogical thought processes - arbitrary inference, selective abstraction, and over generalization
Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Drawing conclusions for which there is no evidence
Arbitrary inference
Drawing conclusions about a situation based on one detail
Selective abstraction
Drawing a general conclusion from a single experience
Over generalization
What is the goal of behavior therapy?
To help people develop more adaptive behavior
Who believes this?
- both desirable and undesirable behaviors are learned and people with psychological problems have learned unhealthy ways of learning
Behaviorists
What are the techniques of behavior therapy?
- Counterconditioning
2. Operant conditioning
a. Helps people to unlearn undesirable behavior
b. Consists of 3 techniques
Counterconditioning
What are the 3 techniques of counterconditioning?
- Systematic desensitization
- Modeling
- Aversive conditioning
Therapist trains the client to relax in the presence of an anxiety- producing situations; used for phobias and anxiety disorders
Systematic desensitization
The client observers and then imitates the therapist coping with the feared object or situation
Modeling
The opposite of systematic conditioning; the therapist replaces a positive response to a stimulus with a negative response; used for those that have an addiction- therapist makes the addiction unpleasant by overexposure
Aversive conditioning
a. Based upon the assumption that behavior that is reinforced tend to be repeated and behavior that is not reinforced tends to be extinguished
b. Therapist gives rewards for desirable behavior
c. Used for people with schizophrenia, autism, and in mental hospitals
d. Consists of 2 techniques
Operant conditioning
What are the 2 techniques of operant conditioning?
- Token economy
2. Successive Approximations
System of rewards in which tokens can be exchanged for a real reward
Token economy
Refers to a series of behaviors that gradually become the desired behavior
Successive approximations
Evaluation of behavior therapy
- Tends to be more effective than psychoanalysis in person centered therapy
- Not effective for treating the thought disorder of schizophrenia
