Chapter 18 Flashcards
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Psychology
Behavior patterns or mental processes that cause serious personal suffering or interfere with everyday life
Psychological disorders
Almost __ of the adults in the US have experienced some type of psychological disorder.
1/3
The degree that a behavior is used by the majority of people
Typicality
The type of behavior that prevents people from functioning in everyday life; behavior that causes misery and distress rather than happiness and fulfillment
Maladaptivity
DSM=?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
What is the most widely used classification system today?
DSM
A general state of dread or uneasiness that occurs in response to a vague or imagined danger
Anxiety
Persistent excessive or irrational fear of an object or situation
Phobia
Most common of all anxiety disorders
Phobia
Characterized by persistent fear of social situations in which one might be exposed to the close scrutiny of others
Social Phobia
A relatively short period of intense fear or discomfort
Panic attack
A fear of being in places or situations in which escape may be difficult or impossible
Agoraphobia
Includes excessive or unrealistic worry about life circumstances; must have symptoms for at least 6 months
Generalized anxiety disorder
Unwanted thoughts, ideas, or mental images that occur over and over again
Obsessions
Repetitive ritual behaviors which often involve checking or cleaning to reduce the anxiety obsessions produce
Compulsions
Intense, persistent feelings of anxiety that are cause by traumatic experience
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
A short-term disorder with similar symptoms to PTSD
Acute Stress Disorder
The separation of certain personality components or mental processes from conscious thought
Dissociative Disorders
Characterized by a sudden loss of memory as a result of a traumatic event
Dissociative Amnesia
Characterized by forgetting personal information, past events and suddenly relocating from home or work and taking on a new identity & occupation
Dissociative Fugue
Involves the existence of 2 or more personalities within a single person
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Refers to feelings of detachment from one’s mental processes or body
Depersonalization Disorder
Refers to the expression of psychological distress through physical symptoms
Somatization
Experience in change in or loss of physical functioning in a major part of the body with no medical explanation
Conversion Disorder
A person’s unrealistic preoccupation with the fear that he or she has a serious disease
Hypochondriasis
Symptoms of major depression
- Persistent depressed mood for most of the day
- Loss of interest of pleasure in almost all activities
- Significant weight loss or gain
- Sleeping more or less than usual
- Fatigue or loss of energy
Symptoms must be present for ___________.
2 weeks and occur everyday
_____ of severely depressed people commit suicide
15%
Dramatic ups and downs in moods (mania to depression)
Bipolar Disorder
Extreme excitement characterized by hyperactivity and chaotic behavior
Mania
Loss of contact with reality; most serious psychology disorder
Schizophrenia
Symptoms of schizophrenia
Hallucinations, delusions, superior to others, believe they do not really exist, social withdraw
An immobile, expressionless, coma-like state
Catatonic stupor
