Chapter 19 Flashcards
Colonial imperialism
Territory or colony occupied and ruled by a foreign nation
“Old style” imperialism ex, conquest f the americas( areas were completely taken over with European countries setting up gov and control economy “
Political imperialism
The dominant country used diplomacy or military force to influence the internal affairs of a weaker nation
( euro countries try break down tribal affiliations to establish a more “modern” gov in Africa
US take over gov of Dominican Republic to manage its affairs so not be taken over by European country
Economic imperialism
Inspired by the desire to control global trade and commerce
Example- the creation of spheres of influence in china ( establish trade zones) and Mathew Perrys black ships not motivated by desire to occupy and rule Japan or China
Social-cultural imperialism
Based on desire to influence a territory to adopt the cultural values and social customs of the imperialist country
Example- Britain made schools in many colonies where children learned speak English and read British literature
Two types of colonies
Tropical dependencies
In Africa Asia and South Pacific
A small number of Europeans ruled non-western people who came under European rule
Settlement colonies
Canada Australia New Zealand South Africa Algeria Kenya and Hawaii
DEstinations for European settlers populations had large percentages of European ppl since relatively small # indigenous ppl been pushed out or died of disease
Hawaii
Large # indigenous ppl lived
European claims often contested and lots fights over land rights or natural resources and cultural social differences
Bessemer steel converter
Allowed iron ore to be converted to steel efficiently
Accelerated effectiveness of machinery / other manufactured goods
Thomas Edison
Lab Produced incandescent light bulbs, fuses, sockets, and switches
Suez Canal and Panama Canal
Engineering accomplishments as consequence of industrialization
Facilitated the travel of ships b/w worlds sea and oceans
Lowered cost I’d trade between imperial powers and territories they controlled
Nawabs
Muslim princes Asserted regional control at expense of empire
Made independent agreements e British Dutch and French that wanted make trading posts along the shores of India
Company men
European outposts were staffed by then their job was to organize trade and protect warehouses and offices
Sepoys
Company men hired and trained these Indian troops
British raj
East India company had lots control in India controlled vast areas established ^^^
Sepoy rebellion
Convinced British gov that only colonial imperialism would work in India
Sepoys pledged allegiance to Mughals joined by peasants rebellion widespread - threatened British rule in India - Brit sent forces to India so order was restored and direct imperial rule enforced
Indian civil service
Staffed almost completely by englishmen
The viceroys elite representing British royal authority
British did all domestic and foreign policy in India
Rammohun
Earliest prominent Indian nationalist
Promoted pan-Indian nationalism
Founded society called brahmo samaj goal- reconcile western values
Indian national congress
Group of educated and ambition Indians convened ^^ aimed create larger role for Indians in civil service
Didn’t bring much change at first not many ordinary Indians cared until. 20tg siglo
The scramble for Africa
Tech to go inland saw lots diamonds gold and copper in Africa stimulated western exploration
EUROPEAN NATIONS competed for land claims - journalism promoted it
David living stone
Early adventurer . Christian missionaries like him whose whereabouts became a subject of great interest to Europeans and Americans
Muhammad Ali
Egypt under him was one of first kingdoms to come under European sway
Shaka
Leader that seized control of his small ZULU kingdom
Organized an Army and attacked neighboring African states in competition for grazing lands ( made short stabbing spear which helped)
Grew became most powerful
Cecil Rhodes
A British entrepreneur moved into orange free state increasing tensions between British and Dutch settlers both competed control gold mines
Henry Stanley
American journalist
Set publicity to find him
Berlin conference
Meant to calm rivalries and avoid war
Made agreement that any European state could establish colonies in unclaimed lands in Africa but must mention its intentions to other states
Captain James cook
Anchored on Australia’s southeast shore declared area is suitable for Brit settlement
Many criminals. Came establish colony of new South Wales
