Chapter 19 Flashcards
Trauma can cause _____ necrosis of the breast. Fibroblastic proliferation during healing leads to fingers of fibrous scar tissue, this often leaves a hard fixed mass resembling breast cancer.
_____ calcification (a common feature of breast cancer), may also be detected radiographically in areas of fat necrosis. Thus, lesions need biopsy.
Trauma can cause fat necrosis of the breast. Fibroblastic proliferation during healing leads to fingers of fibrous scar tissue, this often leaves a hard fixed mass resembling breast cancer.
Dystrophic calcification (a common feature of breast cancer), may also be detected radiographically in areas of fat necrosis. Thus, lesions need biopsy.
Breast cancer is the _____ common malignancy in women and its mortality is second to lung cancer.
Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common form of breast cancer.
Invasive ductal carcinoma grows as irregular nests and cords of epithelial cells, usually within a dense fibrous stroma. Invasive ductal carcinoma typically forms glands of the tubular type.
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and its mortality is second to lung cancer.
Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common form of breast cancer.
Invasive ductal carcinoma grows as irregular nests and cords of epithelial cells, usually within a dense fibrous stroma. Invasive ductal carcinoma typically forms glands of the tubular type.
Intraductal _____ is a benign tumor in the subareolar (lactiferous) ducts that causes a serous or bloody nipple discharge.
Intraductal papillomas contain _____ cells.
Intraductal papilloma is a benign tumor in the subareolar (lactiferous) ducts that causes a serous or bloody nipple discharge.
Intraductal papillomas contain myoepithelial cells.
_____ is when papillary structures form within the lumen of a distended breast ductule.
_____ occurs in the peripheral ducts as a component of proliferative fibrocystic change, which increases risk of cancer.
Papilomatosis is when papillary structures form within the lumen of a distended breast ductule.
Papilomatosis occurs in the peripheral ducts as a component of proliferative fibrocystic change, which increases risk of cancer.
_____ disease is a form of carcinoma that involves the epidermis of the nipple and aerola.
Pagets disease is a form of carcinoma that involves the epidermis of the nipple and aerola.
Over half of breast cancers have nuclear _____ receptor protein, a smaller proportion have progesterone receptors as well.
Estrogen antagonists are given in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer.
Over half of breast cancers have nuclear estrogen receptor protein, a smaller proportion have progesterone receptors as well.
Estrogen antagonists are given in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer.
_____ change in the brease = cystic dilation of terminal ducts, relative increase in fibrous stroma, and variable proliferation of terminal duct epithelial elements.
Fibrocystic change is most commonsy seen in women of _____ age. Large cysts may often contain dark fluids with a blue color called the blue domed cysts of bloodgood.
Apocrine metaplasia also occurs with fibrocystic change.
proliferative fibrocystic change carries risk of cancer
nonproliferative fibrocystic change do not carry an increased risk for cancer
Fibrocystic change in the brease = cystic dilation of terminal ducts, relative increase in fibrous stroma, and variable proliferation of terminal duct epithelial elements.
Fibrocystic change is most commonsy seen in women of reproductive age. Large cysts may often contain dark fluids with a blue color called the blue domed cysts of bloodgood.
Apocrine metaplasia also occurs with fibrocystic change.
proliferative fibrocystic change carries risk of cancer
nonproliferative fibrocystic change do not carry an increased risk for cancer
Acute mastitis is a bacterial infection if the breast. It may be seen at any age but it is most frequently seen in postpartum _____ or involuting breast.
The disorder is secondary to obstruction of the duct.
The most common organisms causing acute mastitias are _____ and _____.
Acute mastitis is a bacterial infection if the breast. It may be seen at any age but it is most frequently seen in postpartum lactation or involuting breast.
The disorder is secondary to obstruction of the duct.
The most common organisms causing acute mastitias are staphylococcus and streptococcus.
Male gynoclemastia is caused by an increase in estrogens or an increase in estrogen/androgen ratio.
Gynoclemastia can occur with the intake of exogenous _____, the presence of hormone secreting adrenal or testicular tumors, the paraneoplastic production of gonadotropins by cancers, and metabolic disorders like _____ disease or hyperthyroidism.
Male gynoclemastia is caused by an increase in estrogens or an increase in estrogen/androgen ratio.
Gynoclemastia can occur with the intake of exogenous estrogens, the presence of hormone secreting adrenal or testicular tumors, the paraneoplastic production of gonadotropins by cancers, and metabolic disorders like liver disease or hyperthyroidism.
Hyperprolactinemia is the most common pituitary adenoma. Prolactin secreted by _____ pituitary may cause galactorrhea.
Hyperprolactinemia is the most common pituitary adenoma. Prolactin secreted by anterior pituitary may cause galactorrhea.
_____ is the most common benign neoplasm of the breast and is composed of epithelial and stromal elements originating from the terminal duct lobular unit.
The mass is freely movable on physical exam.
The risk of subsequent invasive cancer in a breast from which a fibroadenoma has been removed is _____.
Fibroadenomas commonly enlarge more rapidly during pregnancy and cease to grow after menopause.
Fibroadenoma is the most common benign neoplasm of the breast and is composed of epithelial and stromal elements originating from the terminal duct lobular unit.
The mass is freely movable on physical exam.
The risk of subsequent invasive cancer in a breast from which a fibroadenoma has been removed is doubled.
Fibroadenomas commonly enlarge more rapidly during pregnancy and cease to grow after menopause.
BRCA _____ tumor supressor gene is involved with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.
BRCA 1 tumor supressor gene is involved with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.
The most important prognostic factor at the time of diagnosis of breast cancer is _____. A sentinel node assesment is performed to asses status of lymph nodes. The sentinel lymph node is the most _____ lymph node and is assumed to be the initial site of nodal metastasis–it is identified with a dye or radioactive material.
Axillary lymph node dissection is performed if metastatic tumor is identified in the sentinel lymph node. The presence of invasion indicates that tymor cells have access to lymphatic and blood vascular channels increasing possibility of metastases.
Stage 4 is _____ in terms of survival. Breast cancer screening has kept the diagnosis of breast cancer in the USA mostly at stage 1, which is curable via surgery.
The most important prognostic factor at the time of diagnosis of breast cancer is stage. A sentinel node assesment is performed to asses status of lymph nodes. The sentinel lymph node is the most proximate lymph node and is assumed to be the initial site of nodal metastasis–it is identified with a dye or radioactive material.
Axillary lymph node dissection is performed if metastatic tumor is identified in the sentinel lymph node. The presence of invasion indicates that tymor cells have access to lymphatic and blood vascular channels increasing possibility of metastases.
Stage 4 is poor in terms of survival. Breast cancer screening has kept the diagnosis of breast cancer in the USA mostly at stage 1, which is curable via surgery.
_____ ductal carcinoma in situ has two main hisologic types, comedocarciona & non-comedocarciona. non-comedocarciona exhibit a spectrum of cytologic atypia.
Ductal carcinoma in situ has a _____% - _____% risk of developing invasive carcinoma in the same breast in 20 years.
Intraductal carcinoma in situ has two main hisologic types, comedocarciona & non-comedocarciona. non-comedocarciona exhibit a spectrum of cytologic atypia.
Ductal carcinoma in situ has a 20% - 30% risk of developing invasive carcinoma in the same breast in 20 years.
Overexpression of HER2/neu occurs in some breast tumors due to gene _____.
Overexpression of HER2/neu occurs in some breast tumors due to gene amplification.
