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Biology > Chapter 19, 20, 21. > Flashcards

Chapter 19, 20, 21. Flashcards

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1
Q

An organism with pseudopodia consumes its food by_____

A

Phagocytosis

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2
Q

Look at the wild type (normal) DNA
ATGCCCGGCATA
TACGGGCCGTAT

and the mutant DNA
ATGCCCGGCtTA
TACGGGCCGTAT

what mistake do you see here represented by the lowercase letter?

A

SNP

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3
Q

Which supergroup do animals and fungi belong to?

A

Opsthokonts

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4
Q

The classification hierarchy that taxonomists use today was created by _____

A

Carolus Linneaus

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5
Q

Why are kelp forests important for the animals that live in that ecosystem?

A

provides: food, shelter, hunting grounds, nurseries and shelter for young animals

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6
Q

what body part found on kelp helps it to float?

A

air bladder

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7
Q

What does SNP mean?

A

Single nucleotide polymorphism

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8
Q

you are a researcher and want to alter the DNA w/in a bacterial cell. you will probably work with DNA from the bacteria’s____

A

plasmid

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9
Q

The fossil of Archaeopteryx is what type of fossil?

A

a transitional fossil

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10
Q

Look at the wild type (normal) DNA
ATGCCCGGCATA
TACGGGCCGTAT

and the mutant DNA.
ATGCCCGGCaATA
TACGGGCCGtTAT

what kind of DNA mistake do you see here.

A

Indel, specifically insertion

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11
Q

What protist is most closely related to true land plants?

A

Chara

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12
Q

What process evolved in the cyanobacteria somewhere between 2.5 and 3.5 BYA leading to mass extinction?

A

photosynthesis

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13
Q

You place bacteria into a test tube with liquid media. after 24 hours you notice that the bacteria are growing at the top, middle, and bottom of the test tube. In terms of Oxygen requirements what type of bacteria is this?

A

Facultative anaerobe.

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14
Q

Which of the organisms below would NOT be considered phytoplankton?
Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, volvox, radiolarians, chara

A

radiolarians

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15
Q

What organism is to blame for oysters causing paralytic shellfish poisoning?

A

dinoflagellates.

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16
Q

If you are bitten by a black beetle with red stripes on the outter rim of its abdomen, while in Central America and later become ill what are you mostlikely infected with?

A

Trypanosoma

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17
Q

Prions affect____ cells, and may be the cause of ____ disease

A

neuron; Alzheimer

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18
Q

Which group of protists is most closely related to animals?

A

Chanoflagellates

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19
Q

T/F Gram Negative bacteria are sensitive to penicillin.

A

False

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20
Q

T/F viruses have ribosomes

A

false

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21
Q

Which supergroup do most green algae and true land plants belong to?

A

Archaeplastids

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22
Q

What cellular process can accidentally lead to the formation of SNPs and indels?

A

DNA replication

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23
Q

Name the 4 bacterial shapes.

A

Spirochete, Bacillus, Coccus, spirillum.

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24
Q

T/F All protists are eukaryotic

A

True

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25
Q

T/F Foraminiferans have silica tests.

A

False

26
Q

What is a virus?

A

An obligate intracellular parasite

27
Q

What are Oscillatoria sps. and Nostic sps. ?

A

cyanobacteria

28
Q

Which protist group is farmed and processed to make nori?

A

Red algae

29
Q

When a bacteria’s carbon source and energy source are both derived from organic compounds, then that bacteria is called a ______

A

Chemoheterotroph

30
Q

In a cladogram, a common ancestor and all its descendant lineages is called a ______

A

Clade

31
Q

T/F Slime molds may look like giant amoebas but they are actually real fungi.

A

False

32
Q

Lynn Margulis noticed many things about chloroplasts and mitochondria, which lead her to develop the Endosymbiosis Hypothesis. What are the 4 supporting evidences for this theory?

A
  • Both have circular DNA
  • Both have their own ribosomes
  • Both are the same size as bacteria
  • Both have 2 membranes
33
Q

an organism that is a single cell, has peptidoglycan, no introns and a ribosome weight of 70s. What is it?

A

A bacterial cell

34
Q

T/F Reverse transcriptase reads viral ssRNA to make ss cDNA. Then reverse transcriptase uses the sscDNA to make ds DNA to be inserted into host genome.

A

True

35
Q

Paramecium have contractile vacuoles. These organelles evolved because the Paramecium lives in a(n) ______ environment

A

Hypotonic

36
Q

The gasses produced by cyanobacteria killed all the other single celled organisms. Why did those organisms die?

A

The organisms that died were obligate anaerobes.

37
Q

A prion is a misfolded_____

A

protein

38
Q

which protist below is responsible for the White Cliffs of Dover and is helpful to geologists for dating rock layers

A

Foraminiferans

39
Q

Someone snorts freshwater during the summer while swimming. within 48 hours the person has a headache and fever. What are they infected with?

A

Naegleria fowleri, Brain eating amoeba

40
Q

“American Robin” is the common name and Turdus migratorius is the _____ name using ______ nomenclature.

A

scientific; binomial

41
Q

How does a virus enter a host cell?

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

42
Q

What is a micronucleus in charge of?

A

reproduction

43
Q

While visiting developing countries in Asia and Africa, you are bitten by lots of Mosquitoes and are now sick. Your ddx was established after a doctor did a blood test. What organism are you most likely infected with?

A

Plasmodium

44
Q

Single celled organism that lives in extremely salty ponds. Often pigmented with carotenoids resulting in a pink color. What is it?

A

Halophile

45
Q

What is the spaghetti looking bit in the center of a bacterial cell?

A

Nucleoid

46
Q

You don’t wash your hands after cleaing litterboxes. you start having behavioral changes. what are you infected with?

A

Toxoplasma

47
Q

HIV is a type of_____

A

Retrovirus

48
Q

Algae and plants have many differences and similarities. What characteristic would you not find in algae?

A

the presence of leaves.

49
Q

T/F Gram Positive bacteria is sensitive to penicillin?

A

True

50
Q

Dr. Carl Woese developed the domain system by analyzing sequence information from

A

Ribosomal RNA

51
Q

T/F Eukaryotes are more closely related to Archaea and less related to bacteria

A

True

52
Q

Mixotrophic means:

A

can photosynthesize and ingest food.

53
Q

What is Botulism caused by?

A

accidentally consuming bacterial endospores.

54
Q

List hte taxonomic terms used when naming viruses

A

Order, Family, Genus, Species

55
Q

Adenoviruses, Bacteriophages ,and tobacco mosaic viruses are all examples of:

A

Naked viruses

56
Q

Single celled organism that lives in your stomach and in a cows stomach. The cuase of the gas that comes out during flatulence. what is it?

A

Methanogen

57
Q

T/F Getting DNA sequences from organisms for analysis has become cheaper and easier to do over time

A

True

58
Q

T/F Siprogyra is used for the genetic engineering of biofuels.

A

False

59
Q

List the hierarchy groupings in order from Most to least inclusive

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

60
Q

What scenario would you use an unrooted phylogenetic tree?

A

studying a specific group in a specific location.

Biology (3 decks)

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