Chapter 19

Question 1

Risk assessment

Answer 1

Estimation of the likelihood that an event will occur in the future. (e.g. caries risk)

Question 2

CAMBRA

Answer 2

Caries Management By Risk Assessment

Question 3

What pH does demineralization occur?

Answer 3

5.5 and below

Question 4

What pH level is plaque biofilm at rest?

Answer 4

Neutral pH of 7

Question 5

When fermentable carbohydrates are ingested, what pH level does oral biofilm drop to?

Answer 5

Below 5.5

Question 6

Demineralization

Answer 6

Acids diffuse into the tooth and dissolve the calcium and phosphate minerals (e.g. carbonated hydroxyapatite) .

Question 7

How long does it take after the ingestion of fermentable carbohydrates stops, for the pH level to return to neutral?

Answer 7

30-60 min

Question 8

Remineralization

Answer 8

Depositing of minerals via saliva onto existing crystal remnants inside the noncavitated, partially demineralized, carious lesion.

Question 9

White spot lesion

Answer 9

Enamel surface remains intact, but area of demineralization turns white, caused by the net loss of mineral in the subsurface zone of the enamel.

Question 10

Acidogenic bacteria

Answer 10

Acid producing

Question 11

Caries balance

Answer 11

Balance between pathogenic and protective factors

Question 12

Caries disease indicators

Answer 12

1. Teeth with frank cavitations that radiographically show penetration to dentin
2. Aprox. radiographic lesions that are confined to the enamel only
3. Visual white spots on smooth surfaces
4. Any restorations placed in last 3 years for a new patient, or 12 months for existing patient

Question 13

ECC

Answer 13

Early childhood caries

Question 14

Primary mechanisms of fluoride action

Answer 14

Most effective topically via water, food, products, etc.

Question 15

Most toothpastes in the US contain how much fluoride?

Answer 15

1000-1100ppm

Question 16

Most OTC dentifrices (toothpaste) in the US contain one of the following:

Answer 16

• Sodium fluoride NaF
• Sodium monofluorophosphate NaMFP
• Stannous fluoride SnF2

Question 17

Studies reports a what percentage reduction in caries with use of fluoride dentifrices containing 1000-2800 ppm?

Answer 17

30%

Question 18

There is a 56% reduction in caries with supervised brushing vs unsupervised, true or false?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

CHX gluconate

Answer 19

Broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that works by opening up cell membranes in bacteria and has immediate bactericidal action and prolonged bacteriostatic action.

Question 20

Casein Phosphopeptide - Amorphous Calcium Phosphate

Answer 20

Enhances remineralization, has same amount of calcium and phosphate as tooth mineral. Binds to fluoride but is difficult to use alone, CPP stabilizes ACP.

Question 21

Tricalcium Phosphate

Answer 21

Ingredient in fluoride products to enhance calcium availability and remineralization. Once exposed to saliva on the tooth surface and in the plaque, calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions are released.

Question 22

Xylitol

Answer 22

Naural-occuring 5-carbon sugar alcohol, inhibits attachment and transmission of bacteria. It is not a source of energy so it isn’t fermented by cariogenic bacteria.

Question 23

Sodium bicarbonate

Answer 23

Neutralizes acids produced by bacteria and has antibacterial properties. Good for extreme caries risk patients/low salivary flow.

Question 24

Arginine

Answer 24

Not available in US, processed by oral bacteria to neutralize acids produced by cariogenic bacteria. Found in toothpastes

Question 25

Probiotics

Answer 25

Used to replace and displace cariogenic bacteria with noncariogenic bacteria. Creates a balance