Chapter 15 Pharmacologic History

Question 1

A new patient informs his dental hygienist that he has always taken amoxicillin for antibiotic prophylaxis prior to his dental visits due to a history of hip replacement 8 years ago. Upon reviewing the patient’s health history, there are no past or currently identified factors that would increase the risk for prosthetic joint infection. Each of the following is an appropriate action for the dental hygienist to take EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
A. Encourage the patient to continue to take amoxicillin prophylaxis prior to initiating dental hygiene treatment.
B. Consult with the patient’s orthopedic surgeon to discuss the need for antibiotic prophylaxis
C. Check current clinical practice guidelines to verify whether the patient is a candidate for antibiotic prophylaxis
D. Educate the patient about the risks and benefits of antibiotic use and involve the patient in decision-making

Answer 1

A. Encourage the patient to continue to take amoxicillin prophylaxis prior to initiating dental hygiene treatment.

Question 2

Each of the following is an action a dental hygienist should take after calling a patient’s cardiologist to verify that a patient has had a new stent placed, is now taking an antiplatelet agent to prevent late stent thrombosis and learns that it is not necessary to discontinue the medication prior to initiating treatment EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
A. The dental hygienist should document the conversation in the treatment record.
B. The dental hygienist should inform the patient about the decision made regarding his antiplatelet medication.
C. The dental hygienist should advise the patient the treatment will be less bloody if he discontinues the medication.
D. The dental hygienist prepares to provide adequate hemostasis during the course of treatment.

Answer 2

C. The dental hygienist should advise the patient the treatment will be less bloody if he discontinues the medication.

Question 3

The greater the number of drugs taken, the greater the likelihood of a drug interaction. The risk for a drug interaction is less with herbal and dietary supplements.

Answer 3

The first statement is true, the second is false

Question 4

A patient who is allergic to penicillin may also demonstrate cross-sensitivity to which of the following classes of antibiotics?
A. Cephalosporins
B. Macrolides
C. Quinolones
D. Tetracyclines

Answer 4

A. Cephalosporins

Question 5

Each of the following is an example of drug misuse EXCEPT one, which is the EXCEPTION?
A. Taking laxatives to lose weight
B. Using stimulants as “study drugs”
C. Using marijuana to promote appetite in AIDS
D. Taking opioids as a treatment for insomnia

Answer 5

C. Using marijuana to promote appetite in AIDS

Question 6

Each of the following is one way the pharmacologic history provides patient information EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
A. Past and present medication use
B. Current health status
C. Health behaviors
D. Diagnostic test results

Answer 6

D. Diagnostic test results

Question 7

Each of the following conditions is one that the patient may choose not to divulge during the pharmacologic history review EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
A. The patient requires a 24-hour INR laboratory test to be eligible to receive treatment.
B. The patient requires a medical consultation with the cardiologist, who will likely order tests
C. The patient believes he is allergic to Novocaine and fears experiencing anaphylaxis
D. The patient dislikes having to take antibiotic premedication because of his prosthetic joint

Answer 7

C. The patient believes he is allergic to Novocaine and fears experiencing anaphylaxis

Question 8

Failure to divulge a history of current antibiotic use for a sexually transmitted disease is MOST likely to occur for which of the following reasons?
A. The patient does not wish to infect the dental hygienist
B. The patient is concerned about the potential loss of confidentiality
C. The patient does not want to be lectures about safe sex practices
D. The patient feels that this private information is not relevant to oral health

Answer 8

B. The patient is concerned about the potential loss of confidentiality

Question 9

The frequency of taking a medication is also known as which of the following?
A. Dose schedule
B. Drug Dosage
C. Instruction for use
D. Drug compliance

Answer 9

A. Dose schedule

Question 10

Assistance from the pharmacist may be required to obtain information needed to complete a patient’s medication list. Informed consent must be obtained from the patient to contact the pharmacist for information.

Answer 10

Both statements are true

Question 11

Drugs that target tissues to produce a desired effect is known as?

Answer 11

The therapeutic effect

Question 12

The undesirable effects of a drug are known as?

Answer 12

Drug side effects

Question 13

Toxin-induced cell damage and death from a medication

Answer 13

Drug toxicity

Question 14

Adverse drug effects causing negative effects on fetal development

Answer 14

Teratogenicity

Question 15

Occurs when a drug or its metabolites act as immunogens, triggering the immune response

Answer 15

Drug hypersensitivity

Question 16

A unique response (usually related to a genetic variant) to a drug is called?

Answer 16

Drug idiosyncrasy

Question 17

Manifests as the need to take increased doses of a drug to elicit the same response

Answer 17

Drug tolerance

Question 18

How a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted from the body

Answer 18

Pharmacokinetics

Question 19

Which education technique helps ensure a patient’s understanding of how to use a
medication correctly?

Answer 19

The “teach back” method

Question 20

List the reasons why a patient might take a medication.

Answer 20

• Treating an acute systemic condition
• Treating a chronic systemic condition
• Prevention of occurrence of a condition
• Prevention of recurrence of an existing
  condition
• Satisfaction of a habit with no clinical
  indication or need