Chapter 19 Flashcards
1
Q
How genetic engineering has affected society
A
- Recombinant DNA technology
- Molecular generics revolution
- working at the molecular level
2
Q
Recombinant DNA technology
A
- genetic engineering
- Techniques for locating, isolating, altering, and studying DNA segments
3
Q
Method of cutting and joining DNA fragments
A
- isolate DNA segment or gene from remaining DNA
- Cutting and joining DNA fragments
- Viewing DNA fragments
- Locating DNA fragments with southern blotting and probes
4
Q
Restriction enzymes
A
- Recognizing and cutting DNA at specific nucleotide sequences
5
Q
Type II restriction enzyme
A
- most useful enzyme
6
Q
Viewing DNA fragments
A
- Gel electrophoresis
7
Q
Gene cloning
A
- Amplifying a specific piece of DNA via a bacteria cell
8
Q
Cloning vector
A
- replicating DNA molecule attached with a foreign DNA fragment to be introduced into a cell
9
Q
PCR
A
- polymerase chain reaction
- used for gene cloning
- thermocycler= machine name
10
Q
PCR reaction
A
- Taq polymerase: stable DNA polymerase at high temperature
- reverse- transcription PCR (RNA to DNA)
11
Q
Limitations of PCR
A
- prior knowledge of target DNA
- Contamination
- Accuracy
- Amplified fragments are less than 2 kb
12
Q
Applications of PCR
A
- real-time PCR: determines the amount of DNA amplified as the reaction proceeds
13
Q
Forward genetics
A
- begins with a phenotype to a gene that encodes the phenotype
14
Q
Reverse genetics
A
- begins with a gene of unknown function, first inducing mutations and then checking the effect of the mutation on the phenotype
15
Q
Transgenic animals
A
- an organism permanently altered by the addition of a DNA sequence to its genome
- transgene
