chapter 19

Question 1

all living things share a common ancestor and over time have been modified by natural selection

Answer 1

descent with modification

Question 2

the number, order and underlying structure of vertebrate forelimbs are remarkably similar

Answer 2

vertebrate forelimb homology

Question 3

functional similarities with no common ancestry (ex. bird wing vs insect wing)

Answer 3

analogous structures

Question 4

early stage embryos contain pharyngeal pouches, post tails and limb buds

Answer 4

embryological similarties

Question 5

a structure inherited from an ancestor that no longer serves a function in the organism that possesses it ( human tail bone, goose bumps)

Answer 5

vestigial structure

Question 6

all living things are composed of carbohydrates proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

Answer 6

molecular homology

Question 7

pangea

Answer 7

biogeography

Question 8

the identification, naming and classification of organisms on the basis of shared traits

Answer 8

taxonomy

Question 9

the evolutionary history of a group of organisms

Answer 9

phylogeny

Question 10

an essential nutrient necessary for basic cellular processes such as DNA replication and cell division

Answer 10

folate

Question 11

low sperm count, spina bifida, anencephaly

Answer 11

low folate

Question 12

required for the dietary absorption of calcium and phosphate from the small intestine

Answer 12

why vitamin D is so important

Question 13

doesn’t destroy folate and allows for vitamin D production

Answer 13

low UV light environment favors light skin

Question 14

high intestity UV light destroys folate in individuals w light skin

Answer 14

high UV light environment favors dark skin

Question 15

any living or extinct member of the family homindae, the great apes

Answer 15

hominids

Question 16

bipedalism, large brains, use of tools and fire

Answer 16

defining characteristics of human