chapter 14

Question 1

the study of the genetic makeup of populations and how the genetic composition of a population changes

Answer 1

population genetics

Question 2

the total collection of alleles in a population

Answer 2

gene pool

Question 3

the relative proportion of an allele in a population

Answer 3

allele frequencies

Question 4

any change in allele frequencies that does not by itself lead a population to become more adapted to its environment

Answer 4

non adaptive evolution

Question 5

random changes in the allele frequencies of a population between generations, some individuals are lucky some are not

Answer 5

genetic drift

Question 6

a few founders migrate to a previously uninhabited territory and establish a new population, the number of individuals is small

Answer 6

founder effect

Question 7

occurs when a population is suddenly reduced to a small number of individuals and alleles are lost from the population

Answer 7

bottleneck effect

Question 8

the movement of alleles from one population to another, which may increase the genetic diversity of a population

Answer 8

gene flow

Question 9

a group whose members can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Answer 9

biological species concept

Question 10

mechanisms that prevent mating between members of different species

Answer 10

reproductive isolation

Question 11

species live in different environments

Answer 11

ecological isolation

Question 12

species display different mating activities

Answer 12

behavior isolation

Question 13

species have incompatible gamete

Answer 13

gametic isolation

Question 14

species have different mating or fertility time frames

Answer 14

temporal isolation

Question 15

species have incompatible mating organs

Answer 15

mechanical isolation

Question 16

species gametes unite but viable offspring cannot form (goat and sheep but zygote formed does not survive)

Answer 16

hybrid inviability

Question 17

offspring are viable but cannot reproduce

Answer 17

hybrid infertility