chapter 13

Question 1

when bacteria enter the body through a wound or otherwise.

Answer 1

infection

Question 2

these antibiotics interfere with the bacteria’s ability to synthesize cell walls, water flow will rupture the cell wall (ex. penicillin)

Answer 2

beta-lactam antibiotics

Question 3

asexual reproduction in which one parent divides into two

Answer 3

binary fission

Question 4

1.cell elongates and DNA is replicated
2.cell wall and plasma membrane begin to divide
3.cross wall forms and completely around divided DNA
4.daughter cell separate

Answer 4

how binary fission works

Question 5

how does bacteria acquire genetic variation?

Answer 5

mutation and gene transfer

Question 6

changes in allele frequencies in a population over time

Answer 6

evolution

Question 7

a measure of an organisms’ ability to survive and reproduce, the more offspring you have the more fit you are. depends on environment

Answer 7

fitness

Question 8

non-random changes in allele frequencies over generations is called evolution by…

Answer 8

natural selection

Question 9

when the environment favors a genetic variant over another, those with that variant will have higher fitness, those with higher fitness will increase.

Answer 9

natural selection by evolution

Question 10

occurs when a phenotype at one extreme is favored by the environment

Answer 10

directional selection

Question 11

occurs when a phenotype at each end of the spectrum are less suited to the environment than the individuals in the middle of the phenotypic range
(human birth weight)

Answer 11

stabilizing selection

Question 12

occurs when the extremes of the phenotypic range are better suited to the environment than individuals in the middle of the phenotypic range (finch beak size)

Answer 12

diversifying selection