Chapter 19 Flashcards
acid-base buffer
a solution that resists changes in pH when a small amount of either strong acid or strong base is added
acid-base titration curve
a plot of the pH of a solution of acid (or base) versus the volume of base (or acid) added to the solution
buffer capacity
a measure of the ability of a buffer to resist a change in pH; related to the total concentrations and relative proportions of buffer components
buffer range
the pH range over which a buffer acts effectively
common ion effect
the shift in the position of an ionic equilibrium away from an ion involved in the process that is caused by the addition or presence of that ion
complex ion
an ion consisting of a central metal ion covalently bonded to two or more anions or molecules, called ligands
end point
the point in a titration at which the indicator changes color permanently
equivalence point
the point in a titration when the number of moles of the added species is stoichiometrically equivalent to the original number of moles of the other species
formation constant (Kf)
an equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex ion from the hydrated metal ion and ligands
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
an equation for calculating the pH of a buffer system: pH = pKa + log(base/acid)
ligand
a molecule or an anion bonded to a central metal ion in a complex ion
selective precipitation
the process of separating ions through differences in the solubility of their compounds with a given precipitating ion
solubility product constant
an equilibrium constant for a slightly soluble ionic compound dissolving in water
