Chapter 18 Flashcards
Arrhenius definition of an acid
a substance that yields H+ when dissolved in water
Arrhenius definition of an base
a substance that yields OH- when dissolved in water
acid-base indicator
an organic molecule whose color is different in acid and in base; the color is used to monitor the equivalence point of a titration or the pH of a solution
acid-dissociation (acid-ionization) constant (Ka)
an equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an acid (HA) in H2O to yield the conjugate base (A−) and H3O+
adduct
the product of a Lewis acid-base reaction, a species that contains a new covalent bond
amphiprotic
a substance that can either donate or accept a proton (H+)
autoionization
a reaction in which two molecules of a substance react to give ions
base-dissociation (base-ionization) constant (Kb)
an equilibrium constant for the reaction of a base (B) with H2O to yield the conjugate acid (BH+ and OH−
Brønsted-Lowry acid definition
species that donates a proton
Brønsted-Lowry base definition
species that accepts a proton
conjugate acid-base pair
two species related to each other through the gain or loss of a proton; the acid has one more proton than its conjugate base
hydronium ion (H3O+)
a proton covalently bonded to a water molecule
ion product constant for water
the equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water; equal to 1.0 × 10−14 at 298 K / 25 C
leveling effect
the inability of a solvent to distinguish the strength of an acid (or base) that is stronger than the conjugate acid (or conjugate base) of the solvent
Lewis acid-base definition
a model of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are defined, respectively, as species that accept and donate an electron pair
