Chapter 19 Flashcards
What is a bacteriophage?
aka phages, are viruses that infect bacteria
What is a virus?
A virus is an infectious particle consisting of genes packaged in a protein coat
What is a viroid?
Viroids are small circular RNA molecules that infect plants and disrupt their growth
What is a prion?
Prions are slow-acting, virtually indestructible infectious proteins that cause brain diseases in mammals
What are plasmids?
plasmids are small circular DNA that replicate separately and independently of chromosomes
What are phages hosts?
bacteria
what are the two reproductive mechanisms of phages?
lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle
what happens in the lytic cycle?
it is a phage replicative cycle that culminates in the death of the host cell, it produces new phages and breaks open host’s cell wall to release the virus (BLOWS IT UP)
what is a virulent phage?
a virulent phage is a phage that only reproduces by the lytic cycle
what are restriction enzymes?
restriction enzymes are bacterias defense by cutting up certain phage DNA
what happens in lysogenic cycle?
the lysogenic cycle replicates the phage genome without destroying the host and incorporates in chromosome, so the phage DNA is passed down to daughter cells through cell division
what is a prophage?
integrated viral DNA as a result of lysogenic cycle
what is transduction relation to viruses?
transfer of genetic material through viral infection is called transduction
Can lysogenic switch to lytic cycle?
Yes, lysogenic can switch to lytic if the conditions are harsh
what are temperate phages?
phages taht use both lytic and lysogenic cycles
