Chapter 19 Flashcards
What are the 7 functions of blood?
- Transportation of gases
- transportation of molecules
- pH regulation
- Body temp regulation
- protection against foreign substances
- clot formation
- transportation of hormones
What is the composition of blood?
55% plasma
45% formed elements
Composition of plasma (or supernatant)?
91% water
proteins and other solutes
Composition of formed elements (or pellet) of blood?
platelets
white blood cells
red blood cells
Function of Erythrocytes (or RBC)
To carry respiratory gases: oxygen and carbon dioxide
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) Subcategories
Granulocytes
agranulocytes
description of Granulocytes
Textured/Rough Cytoplasm containing large granules
Description of agranulocytes
cytoplasm is smooth, small granules
Sub Categories of Granulocytes
Basophil
eosinophil
neutrophil
Basophil is __
granulocyte with rough blueish cytoplasm
Eosinophil is __
Granulocyte with rough pinkish cytoplasm
Neutrophil is __
granulocyte with rough cytoplasm and 3-5 lobed nucleus
Lymphocyte is__
agranulocyte with smooth cytoplasm and round nucleus
Monocyte is __
Agranulocyte with smooth cytoplasm and kidney shaped nucleus
What is the larges white blood cell?
Monocyte
What is a monocyte called once it leaves the bloodstream?
marcophage
Thrombocytes/platelets are responsible for __
Forming clots
What is Hematopoiesis?
The process of blood cell production
What is erythropoiesis?
The process in which RBC or erythrocytes are produced.
What is Erythropoietin (EPO)?
Hormone which stimulates erythropoiesis
Where is erythropoietin produced?
The kidneys.
What is the average lifespan of erythrocytes or red blood cells?
120 days
What is produced in kidneys in response to low blood O2 levels?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
EPO ultimately increases ___ levels
blood oxygen
what is Hemoglobin?
Protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen to tissue/organs and carries CO2 away from organs/tissue back to the lungs
What is a oxyhemoglobin?
when oxygen is bound to a hemoglobin molecule. headed toward organs and tissues
what is a carbaminohemoglobin?
when carbon dioxide is bound to a hemoglobin molecule. headed away from tissue back to lungs
What is a deoxyhemoglobin?
when a hemoglobin is lacking oxygen
Patient presents to clinic with SOB, fatigue and poor endurance. Will their hemoglobin levels be high or low?
low.
What is the function of leukocytes? (WBC)
Protect body against microorganisms and removes dead cells and debris
Margination of leukocytes
Moves toward endothelium and adheres to it
Diapedesis of leukoctyes
cells become thin, elongated and move either between or through endothelial cells of capillaries.
What are the Characteristics of Basophil?
migrates to damaged tissue and promotes inflammation by secreting histamine and herparin.
