CHAP 15

Question 1

Special Senses

Answer 1

Olfaction (smell)
Gustation (taste)
Vision (optic)
Auditory (hearing) and balance

Question 2

CN I

Answer 2

Olfactory Nerve

Question 3

CN II

Answer 3

Optic Nerve

Question 4

CN III

Answer 4

Oculomotor Nerve

Question 5

CN IV

Answer 5

Trochlear Nerve

Question 6

CN V

Answer 6

Trigeminal Nerve

Question 7

CN VI

Answer 7

Abducens Nerve

Question 8

CN VII

Answer 8

Facial Nerve

Question 9

CN VIII

Answer 9

Vestibularcochlear Nerve

Question 10

CN IX

Answer 10

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Question 11

CN X

Answer 11

Vagus Nerve

Question 12

CN XI

Answer 12

Accessory Nerve

Question 13

CN XII

Answer 13

Hypoglosal Nerve

Question 14

what are Olfactory Hairs

Answer 14

Cilia of olfactory neurons embedded in mucus

Question 15

Odorants Dissolve in

Answer 15

Mucus

Question 16

One olfactory receptor may respond to more than one type of

Answer 16

Odor

Question 17

How often are Olfactory Neurons Replaced?

Answer 17

Olfactory Neurons are replaced by basal cells every two months

Question 18

Types of Papillae

Answer 18

Filiform, Vallate, fungiform, folate

Question 19

Filiform

Answer 19

Filament-shaped papillae. Most numerous, contain NO taste buds

Question 20

Vallate

Answer 20

Largest, but least numerous Papillae. 8-12 in a V shape along the border between the anterior and posterior parts of the tongue. HAS TASTE BUDS

Question 21

Fungiform

Answer 21

Mushroom-shaped papillae. Scattered irregularly over the superior surface of the tongue. looks like small red dots interspersed among the filiform. have taste buds

Question 22

Foliate

Answer 22

Leaf-shaped papillae. In folds on the sides of the tongue. contains most sensitive taste buds. Decrease in number with age

Question 23

Taste Buds

Answer 23

Supporting cells surrounding taste (Gustatory cells)
taste cells have microvilli extending into taste pores.
replaced about every 10 days

Question 24

Neuronal Pathways for Taste

Answer 24

CN VII - anterior 2/3rds of tongue
CN IX - posterior 1/3rd of tongue

CNX- carry information from base of tongue/epiglottis

Question 25

A patient presents with involvement to the facial nerve (CNVII), what are their symptoms?

Answer 25

patient will have facial nerve palsy, taste loss to anterior 2/3rds of tongue, weakness to facial muscles, and will have decreased ability to dampen sound

Question 26

A patient presents with Trigeminal nerve involvement

Answer 26

patient will have sensation loss to the face and difficulty chewing food. CNV provides sensation to the face and innervates the masseter

Question 27

5 Visual System components

Answer 27

``` Eyebrow Sclera eyelids (palpebrae) Eyelashes conjunctiva ```

Question 28

Sclera

Answer 28

White part of the eye. Extraocular muscles (EOM) attach to the sclera.

Question 29

Palepral Fissure

Answer 29

the space between the eyelids (where the eyeball is located)

Question 30

Canthi

Answer 30

Where eye lids meet, laterally and medially.

Question 31

Medial Canthus has:

Answer 31

Caruncle with modified sweat and sebaceous glands

Question 32

what is Conjuctiva?

Answer 32

Thin transparent mucous membrane on the eye. Palpebral Conjuctiva: inner surface of eyelids Bulbar conjuctiva: anterior surfaces of the eye, except over pupil

Question 33

Function of the Lacrimal Apparatus

Answer 33

Moisten the nasal cavity

Question 34

ExtraOcular Muscles of the Eye (EOM) Innervation?

Answer 34

SO4 -superior oblique CNIV LR6 -Lateral rectus CNVI AL3 - All the rest are CNIII

Question 35

EOM attach to the

Answer 35

Sclera

Question 36

Patient presents with CN VI involvement. what EOM is Involved?

Answer 36

Lateral Rectus. Eye will drift medially

Question 37

AL3- CN3

Answer 37

Superior rectus medial rectus lnferior rectus inferior oblique muscle

Question 38

Three Layers (tunic) of the Eye

Answer 38

Fibrous Tunic Vascular Tunic Nervous Tunic

Question 39

Fibrous Tunic contains

Answer 39

Outermost layer - Sclera and cornea

Question 40

Vascular Tunic

Answer 40

Contains blood vessels. Choroid, ciliary body, iris. (middle.) Contains IOM to change shape of lens and pupil

Question 41

Nervous Tunic

Answer 41

Retina. Inner most layer

Question 42

True or false: the vascular tunic contains the EOM Muscle

Answer 42

False. Vascular tunic contains IOM

Question 43

What do the EOM muscles do?

Answer 43

Move the Eye

Question 44

What do IOM Muscles do?

Answer 44

change the shape of the lens and pupil

Question 45

Corea is __ (lacks blood vessels)

Answer 45

Avascular

Question 46

Sphincter Pupillae (IOM)

Answer 46

constricts the pupil

Question 47

Dialator Pupillae (IOM)

Answer 47

Sympathetic. Dilates Pupils

Question 48

what does the Ciliary Body produce?

Answer 48

Produces aqueous humor that fills the anterior chamber

Question 49

Ciliary Muscle (IOM) control what?

Answer 49

controls the lens shape (accommodation). smooth muscle.

Question 50

what is the purpose of changing the shape (accommodation) of the lens?

Answer 50

to change from far vision to close vision

Question 51

Optic Disk:

Answer 51

"blind spot" of the eye - area through which blood vessels enter eye and nerve processes from sensory retina meet and exit the eye. no photoreceptors are present

Question 52

Far(distant) point of vision

Answer 52

Greater than 20 feet shape of the lens is flat ciliary muscles (IOM) are relaxed Far, flat relaxed for distant vision

Question 53

Near point of vision

Answer 53

less than 20 feet shape of the lens is spherical shaped ciliary muscles are contracted (shortened)

Question 54

what is Miosis? (vision)

Answer 54

the changes occurring in size of the pupil

Question 55

what is Convergence in pupils

Answer 55

changes in distance between pupils

Question 56

Accomodation

Answer 56

Ciliary muscles contract due to parasympathetic imput via CN III (oculomotor) pulls choroid toward lens reducing tension on suspensory ligaments lens becomes more spherical, greater refraction of light

Question 57

(vision) what is Myopia?

Answer 57

nearsightedness

Question 58

what is Hyperopia in vision?

Answer 58

farsightedness

Question 59

what is Presbyopa? (vision)

Answer 59

Degeneration of accommodiation

Question 60

Astigmatism

Answer 60

cornea and/or lens is not uniform

Question 61

Cataract

Answer 61

Clouding of lens

Question 62

Glaucoma

Answer 62

increased intraocular pressure by aqueous humor buildup. HTN (hypertension of the eye)

Question 63

Retinal Detachment

Answer 63

PVD: posterior vitreous detachment can lead to retrial detachment. can result in complete blindness