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ANAT 151 > CHAP 15 > Flashcards

CHAP 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Special Senses

A

Olfaction (smell)
Gustation (taste)
Vision (optic)
Auditory (hearing) and balance

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2
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory Nerve

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3
Q

CN II

A

Optic Nerve

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4
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor Nerve

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5
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear Nerve

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6
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal Nerve

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7
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens Nerve

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8
Q

CN VII

A

Facial Nerve

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9
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibularcochlear Nerve

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10
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

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11
Q

CN X

A

Vagus Nerve

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12
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory Nerve

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13
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglosal Nerve

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14
Q

what are Olfactory Hairs

A

Cilia of olfactory neurons embedded in mucus

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15
Q

Odorants Dissolve in

A

Mucus

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16
Q

One olfactory receptor may respond to more than one type of

A

Odor

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17
Q

How often are Olfactory Neurons Replaced?

A

Olfactory Neurons are replaced by basal cells every two months

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18
Q

Types of Papillae

A

Filiform, Vallate, fungiform, folate

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19
Q

Filiform

A

Filament-shaped papillae. Most numerous, contain NO taste buds

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20
Q

Vallate

A

Largest, but least numerous Papillae. 8-12 in a V shape along the border between the anterior and posterior parts of the tongue. HAS TASTE BUDS

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21
Q

Fungiform

A

Mushroom-shaped papillae. Scattered irregularly over the superior surface of the tongue. looks like small red dots interspersed among the filiform. have taste buds

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22
Q

Foliate

A

Leaf-shaped papillae. In folds on the sides of the tongue. contains most sensitive taste buds. Decrease in number with age

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23
Q

Taste Buds

A

Supporting cells surrounding taste (Gustatory cells)
taste cells have microvilli extending into taste pores.
replaced about every 10 days

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24
Q

Neuronal Pathways for Taste

A

CN VII - anterior 2/3rds of tongue
CN IX - posterior 1/3rd of tongue

CNX- carry information from base of tongue/epiglottis

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25
Q

A patient presents with involvement to the facial nerve (CNVII), what are their symptoms?

A

patient will have facial nerve palsy, taste loss to anterior 2/3rds of tongue, weakness to facial muscles, and will have decreased ability to dampen sound

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26
Q

A patient presents with Trigeminal nerve involvement

A

patient will have sensation loss to the face and difficulty chewing food. CNV provides sensation to the face and innervates the masseter

27
Q

5 Visual System components

A 
Eyebrow
Sclera
eyelids (palpebrae)
Eyelashes
conjunctiva
28
Q

Sclera

A

White part of the eye. Extraocular muscles (EOM) attach to the sclera.

29
Q

Palepral Fissure

A

the space between the eyelids (where the eyeball is located)

30
Q

Canthi

A

Where eye lids meet, laterally and medially.

31
Q

Medial Canthus has:

A

Caruncle with modified sweat and sebaceous glands

32
Q

what is Conjuctiva?

A

Thin transparent mucous membrane on the eye.

Palpebral Conjuctiva: inner surface of eyelids

Bulbar conjuctiva: anterior surfaces of the eye, except over pupil

33
Q

Function of the Lacrimal Apparatus

A

Moisten the nasal cavity

34
Q

ExtraOcular Muscles of the Eye (EOM) Innervation?

A

SO4 -superior oblique CNIV
LR6 -Lateral rectus CNVI
AL3 - All the rest are CNIII

35
Q

EOM attach to the

A

Sclera

36
Q

Patient presents with CN VI involvement. what EOM is Involved?

A

Lateral Rectus. Eye will drift medially

37
Q

AL3- CN3

A

Superior rectus
medial rectus
lnferior rectus
inferior oblique muscle

38
Q

Three Layers (tunic) of the Eye

A

Fibrous Tunic
Vascular Tunic
Nervous Tunic

39
Q

Fibrous Tunic contains

A

Outermost layer - Sclera and cornea

40
Q

Vascular Tunic

A

Contains blood vessels. Choroid, ciliary body, iris. (middle.)
Contains IOM to change shape of lens and pupil

41
Q

Nervous Tunic

A

Retina. Inner most layer

42
Q

True or false: the vascular tunic contains the EOM Muscle

A

False. Vascular tunic contains IOM

43
Q

What do the EOM muscles do?

A

Move the Eye

44
Q

What do IOM Muscles do?

A

change the shape of the lens and pupil

45
Q

Corea is __ (lacks blood vessels)

A

Avascular

46
Q

Sphincter Pupillae (IOM)

A

constricts the pupil

47
Q

Dialator Pupillae (IOM)

A

Sympathetic. Dilates Pupils

48
Q

what does the Ciliary Body produce?

A

Produces aqueous humor that fills the anterior chamber

49
Q

Ciliary Muscle (IOM) control what?

A

controls the lens shape (accommodation). smooth muscle.

50
Q

what is the purpose of changing the shape (accommodation) of the lens?

A

to change from far vision to close vision

51
Q

Optic Disk:

A

“blind spot” of the eye - area through which blood vessels enter eye and nerve processes from sensory retina meet and exit the eye. no photoreceptors are present

52
Q

Far(distant) point of vision

A

Greater than 20 feet
shape of the lens is flat
ciliary muscles (IOM) are relaxed
Far, flat relaxed for distant vision

53
Q

Near point of vision

A

less than 20 feet
shape of the lens is spherical shaped
ciliary muscles are contracted (shortened)

54
Q

what is Miosis? (vision)

A

the changes occurring in size of the pupil

55
Q

what is Convergence in pupils

A

changes in distance between pupils

56
Q

Accomodation

A

Ciliary muscles contract due to parasympathetic imput via CN III (oculomotor)
pulls choroid toward lens reducing tension on suspensory ligaments
lens becomes more spherical, greater refraction of light

57
Q

(vision) what is Myopia?

A

nearsightedness

58
Q

what is Hyperopia in vision?

A

farsightedness

59
Q

what is Presbyopa? (vision)

A

Degeneration of accommodiation

60
Q

Astigmatism

A

cornea and/or lens is not uniform

61
Q

Cataract

A

Clouding of lens

62
Q

Glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure by aqueous humor buildup. HTN (hypertension of the eye)

63
Q

Retinal Detachment

A

PVD: posterior vitreous detachment can lead to retrial detachment.
can result in complete blindness

ANAT 151 (5 decks)

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