Chapter 18

Question 1

Functions of the Endocrine System

Answer 1

1. metabolism
2. control of food intake and digestion
3. tissue maturation
4. ion regulation
5. water balance
6. heart rate and blood pressure regulation
7. control of blood glucose and other nutrients
8. control of reproductive hormones
9. uterine contractions
10. immune system

Question 2

Metabolic function of endocrine system

Answer 2

Metabolism is controlled with Thyroid hormones.

T4, T3 and calcitonin

Question 3

Ion Regulation function of Endocrine System

Answer 3

Ca2+,
calcitonin (osteoblasts -building. blood calcium levels decrease),
PTH (osteoclasts - breaking down. blood calcium levels increase)

Question 4

Water Balance Function of Endocrine System

Answer 4

ADH - antidiuretic hormone causes body to retain water. water retention important with low blood pressure, dehydration, and burns

Question 5

Heart rate function of endocrine system

Answer 5

Through the RAA system

Question 6

Immune system function of endocrine system

Answer 6

through Thymosin hormone

Question 7

Organs and Glands of the Endocrine System

Answer 7

Pineal gland
Hypothalamus
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
thymus
adrenal glands (sit atop kidneys)
Pancreas
Ovary/Testes

Question 8

Which gland secretes melatonin?

Answer 8

Pineal Gland. Melatonin regulates our sleep/wake cycle

Question 9

Another Name for Antidiuretic Hormone

Answer 9

Vasopressin

Question 10

Hypothalamus controls the

Answer 10

pituitary gland via either inhibiting or releasing hormones

Question 11

Two parts of the Pituitary Gland are

Answer 11

the anterior and posterior

Question 12

Another name for the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 12

Adenohypophysis

Question 13

Another name for the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 13

Neurohypophysis

Neuro- because it is an extension f the nervous system.

Question 14

Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary gland) produces what major hormones?

Answer 14

Major:
GH - growth hormone or somatotropin
TSH - thyroid-stimulating hormone
ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 15

Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary gland) produces what major hormones?

Answer 15

ADH - antidiuretic hormone or vassopresin

Oxytocin

Question 16

What is the connection between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?

Answer 16

Infundibulum

Question 17

Three areas of the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Answer 17

pars distalis
pars intermedia
pars tuberalis

Question 18

What does ADH lead to after it is secreted?

Answer 18

Increased blood pressure

Question 19

What is the opposite of ADH?

Answer 19

Diuretics. which decrease blood pressure by secreting excessive water in the urine.

Question 20

Releasing and inhibiting hormones are made and secreted where?

Answer 20

Hypothalamus

Question 21

If GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone) is made and secreted by the hypothalamus__

Answer 21

the pituitary gland secretes the hormone

Question 22

If GHIH (growth hormone inhibiting hormone) is made and secreted by the hypothalamus ___

Answer 22

the pituitary gland stops secreting growth hormone

Question 23

Releasing and inhibiting hormones

Answer 23

GHRH - growth hormone releasing hormone
GHIH - growth hormone inhibiting hormone
TRH - thyrotropin releasing hormone
CRH - corticotropin releasing hormone
GnRH - gonadotropin releasing hormone
PRH - prolactin releasing hormone
PIH - prolactin inhibiting hormone

Question 24

Growth Hormone (GH) function

Answer 24

• stimulates uptake of amino acids: protein sythesis
• stimulates breakdown of fats to be used as energy. stimulates synthesis of glycogen.
• promotes bone and cartilage growth
• regulates blood levels of nutrients after a meal and during periods of fasting.

Question 25

Growth Hormone Inhibition

Answer 25

Hypothalamus produces GHIH (somatostatin) - inhibits production of GH by anterior pituitary - GHRH secretion in response in response to low blood glucose, stress, increased in certain a.a. Whereas GHIH secretions in response to high blood glucose. - Peak GH levels during deep sleep; levels lower at other times of day

Question 26

Direct Effect of Growth Hormone

Answer 26

Binds to receptors on cells and causes changes within the cells. adipose.

Question 27

Indirect Effect of Growth Hormone

Answer 27

Causes liver and skeletal muscles to produce somatomedin - insulin like growth factors. stimulates growth in cartilage, bone; increased synthesis of proteins in skeletal muscles

Question 28

What cells in the Thyroid make T3 and T4?

Answer 28

Follicular cells

Question 29

What cells in the thyroid make calcitonin?

Answer 29

Parafollicular cells

Question 30

what is the sella turcica?

Answer 30

the bony depression where the pituitary gland sits

Question 31

Where does PTH hormone come from?

Answer 31

the Parathyroid. PTH - parathyroid hormone

Question 32

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Function

Answer 32

Stimulates osteoclasts which take calcium away from the bone and adds it to the blood, increasing blood calcium levels.

Question 33

symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

Answer 33

``` Increase metabolic rate flush/warm weight loss hypertensive hyperactivity fine hair ```

Question 34

symptoms of Hypothyroidism

Answer 34

``` decreased metabolic rate cold intolerance weight gain hypotensive decreased activity course hair TSH levels are normal, T3 and T4 levels are decreased. ```

Question 35

Lab Values for Hyperthyroidism

Answer 35

T3 & T4 - elevated TSH - decreased TRH - decreased

Question 36

Lab values for Hypothyroidism

Answer 36

T3 & T4 - decreased TSH - Elevated TRH - Elevated

Question 37

Blood calcium is regulated via what two hormones?

Answer 37

Calcitonin - osteoblasts - building. blood calcium levels decrease PTH -osteoclasts - breaking down. blood calcium levels increase