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ANAT 151 > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Endocrine System

A
  1. metabolism
  2. control of food intake and digestion
  3. tissue maturation
  4. ion regulation
  5. water balance
  6. heart rate and blood pressure regulation
  7. control of blood glucose and other nutrients
  8. control of reproductive hormones
  9. uterine contractions
  10. immune system
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2
Q

Metabolic function of endocrine system

A

Metabolism is controlled with Thyroid hormones.

T4, T3 and calcitonin

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3
Q

Ion Regulation function of Endocrine System

A

Ca2+,
calcitonin (osteoblasts -building. blood calcium levels decrease),
PTH (osteoclasts - breaking down. blood calcium levels increase)

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4
Q

Water Balance Function of Endocrine System

A

ADH - antidiuretic hormone causes body to retain water. water retention important with low blood pressure, dehydration, and burns

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5
Q

Heart rate function of endocrine system

A

Through the RAA system

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6
Q

Immune system function of endocrine system

A

through Thymosin hormone

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7
Q

Organs and Glands of the Endocrine System

A 
Pineal gland
Hypothalamus
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
thymus
adrenal glands (sit atop kidneys)
Pancreas
Ovary/Testes
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8
Q

Which gland secretes melatonin?

A

Pineal Gland. Melatonin regulates our sleep/wake cycle

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9
Q

Another Name for Antidiuretic Hormone

A

Vasopressin

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10
Q

Hypothalamus controls the

A

pituitary gland via either inhibiting or releasing hormones

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11
Q

Two parts of the Pituitary Gland are

A

the anterior and posterior

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12
Q

Another name for the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Adenohypophysis

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13
Q

Another name for the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Neurohypophysis

Neuro- because it is an extension f the nervous system.

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14
Q

Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary gland) produces what major hormones?

A

Major:
GH - growth hormone or somatotropin
TSH - thyroid-stimulating hormone
ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone

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15
Q

Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary gland) produces what major hormones?

A

ADH - antidiuretic hormone or vassopresin

Oxytocin

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16
Q

What is the connection between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?

A

Infundibulum

17
Q

Three areas of the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

A

pars distalis
pars intermedia
pars tuberalis

18
Q

What does ADH lead to after it is secreted?

A

Increased blood pressure

19
Q

What is the opposite of ADH?

A

Diuretics. which decrease blood pressure by secreting excessive water in the urine.

20
Q

Releasing and inhibiting hormones are made and secreted where?

A

Hypothalamus

21
Q

If GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone) is made and secreted by the hypothalamus__

A

the pituitary gland secretes the hormone

22
Q

If GHIH (growth hormone inhibiting hormone) is made and secreted by the hypothalamus ___

A

the pituitary gland stops secreting growth hormone

23
Q

Releasing and inhibiting hormones

A 
GHRH - growth hormone releasing hormone
GHIH - growth hormone inhibiting hormone
TRH - thyrotropin releasing hormone
CRH - corticotropin releasing hormone
GnRH - gonadotropin releasing hormone
PRH - prolactin releasing hormone
PIH - prolactin inhibiting hormone
24
Q

Growth Hormone (GH) function

A
  • stimulates uptake of amino acids: protein sythesis
  • stimulates breakdown of fats to be used as energy. stimulates synthesis of glycogen.
  • promotes bone and cartilage growth
  • regulates blood levels of nutrients after a meal and during periods of fasting.
25
Q

Growth Hormone Inhibition

A

Hypothalamus produces GHIH (somatostatin)

  • inhibits production of GH by anterior pituitary
  • GHRH secretion in response in response to low blood glucose, stress, increased in certain a.a. Whereas GHIH secretions in response to high blood glucose.
  • Peak GH levels during deep sleep; levels lower at other times of day
26
Q

Direct Effect of Growth Hormone

A

Binds to receptors on cells and causes changes within the cells. adipose.

27
Q

Indirect Effect of Growth Hormone

A

Causes liver and skeletal muscles to produce somatomedin - insulin like growth factors. stimulates growth in cartilage, bone; increased synthesis of proteins in skeletal muscles

28
Q

What cells in the Thyroid make T3 and T4?

A

Follicular cells

29
Q

What cells in the thyroid make calcitonin?

A

Parafollicular cells

30
Q

what is the sella turcica?

A

the bony depression where the pituitary gland sits

31
Q

Where does PTH hormone come from?

A

the Parathyroid. PTH - parathyroid hormone

32
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Function

A

Stimulates osteoclasts which take calcium away from the bone and adds it to the blood, increasing blood calcium levels.

33
Q

symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

A 
Increase metabolic rate
flush/warm
weight loss
hypertensive
hyperactivity
fine hair
34
Q

symptoms of Hypothyroidism

A 
decreased metabolic rate
cold intolerance
weight gain
hypotensive
decreased activity
course hair
TSH levels are normal, T3 and T4 levels are decreased.
35
Q

Lab Values for Hyperthyroidism

A

T3 & T4 - elevated
TSH - decreased
TRH - decreased

36
Q

Lab values for Hypothyroidism

A

T3 & T4 - decreased
TSH - Elevated
TRH - Elevated

37
Q

Blood calcium is regulated via what two hormones?

A

Calcitonin - osteoblasts - building. blood calcium levels decrease
PTH -osteoclasts - breaking down. blood calcium levels increase

ANAT 151 (5 decks)

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