Chapter 18- The U.S. in the Gilded Age Flashcards
Compare the attitudes of Lincoln and lee with those of the Radical Republicans.
Lincoln and Lee both had the attitude of compassion towards the South, and reconciliation of the Nation, but the Radical Republicans wanted to inflict revenge on the South, which they succeeded in doing.
What is the significance of the 14th Amendment?
The 14th Amendment was passed by Congress in June of 1866 and made Negroes citizens, denied office to Confederate leaders, and declared that no state could deprive a person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law. This last clause has been interpreted to justify the killing of an unborn baby.
What were the provisions of the Reconstruction Acts?
The First Reconstruction Act was passed on March 2, 1867, and divided the South into five districts, and sent the U.S. Army to govern and rule the districts. Congress passed three more Supplementary Reconstruction Act in March 1867, July 1867, and March 1868, which empowered the military governments to enroll voters and hold elections.
Summarize the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.
The Radical republicans filled both the Senate and the House, and they all wanted to punish the South. Johnson wanted to help the South, and re-embrace them into the Union, but the Radical Republicans tried to impeach him. The impeachment passed in the House by a vote of 126-47 on eleven charges, but then it moved to the Senate. On May 16, the vote in the Senate took place, but they were one vote short of impeaching Johnson because of the bravery of Edward Ross of Kansas.
How did the South react against the Negro?
The South reacted very poorly to the Negro, and all of them passed Black codes, which forbade any Negro to leave their farm or plantation unless they had a job in the city. They did all they could to reverse the effects of the Reconstruction Acts, and most Southerners turned against the Negroes. Every state also enacted Jim Crow laws, which was a vicious segregation of the Negro from every place where whites could go.
How was the Reconstruction ended?
The Reconstruction ended during the election of 1876 with Rutherford B. Hayes a Republican, and Samuel Tilden, a Democrat. Samuel Tilden would have won, but there was some controversy over the votes of South Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida. An Electoral Commission was elected to settle the dispute, and it consisted of five members of the House (3 Democrats, 2 Republicans), five members of the Senate (2 Democrats, 3 Republicans), and 5 from the Supreme Court (2 Democrats, 2 Republicans, and 1 Independent). The Independent was elected to the U.S. Senate, so there was no choice but a Republican to be elected. On all votes, it was 8-7, with Hayes winning the election. The Democrats gave up, but also had conditions the Republicans had to meet if they wanted Hayes to be President. First, to withdraw Federal troops from the South, Second, to appoint at least one Southerner to the Cabinet, and third, to make substantial appropriations to the Southern states.
Summarize the three positions regarding money supply.
The three positions regarding money supply were the gold standard (gold as basis of the economy with all paper money convertible into gold), bimetallism (both gold and silver as basis of economy), and unredeemable paper money (usually debtors who wanted this, unreliable program).
What were the issues and the results in the presidential elections of 1876, 1880, 1884, 1890, and 1894?
1876- Issues: corruption, vote miscount action: opposite party elected, republican elected. 1880- Issues: patronage vs. civil service Action: civil service won 1884- Issues: government corruption Action: removing corrupt officials. 1888- Issues: Money Action: gold standard chosen
Who were the knights of Labor?
The Knights of Labor was the first union established by Catholics to help the working class.
How did Cardinal Gibbons help the workingman?
Cardinal Gibbons presented the case for why Catholics should be allowed to join the Union, even though technically it was a secret society. The Pope listened and allowed Catholics to participate.
