Chapter 18 Study

Question 1

What are nonrenewable resources?

Answer 1

Resources that are used faster than they can be replaced by natural processes.

Question 2

What are renewable resources?

Answer 2

Resources that can be replaced by natural processes in a relatively short amount of time.

Question 3

What are 2 examples of nonrenewable resources?

Answer 3

Fossil fuels and uranium

Question 4

What is nuclear energy?

Answer 4

Nuclear energy is energy released from atomic reactions.

Question 5

What is reclamation?

Answer 5

A procession which mined land must be recovered with soil and replanted with vegetation.

Question 6

How are fossil fuels formed?

Answer 6

The remains of these prehistoric organisms are buried by layers of sediment. They’re changed chemically by extreme temperatures and pressure.

Question 7

What three factors do fossil fuels form depend on?

Answer 7

The type of organic matter, the temperature and pressure, and the length of time that organic matter was buried.

Question 8

How does coal form?

Answer 8

When dead prehistoric plants’ remains build up, sediment covers it. Bacteria broke down the remains and extreme temperatures and pressure squeezed out gas and moisture to form peat. Sediment covered and compacted the peat to form coal.

Question 9

Advantages of using fossil fuels

Answer 9

Fossil fuels are inexpensive and easy to transport.

Question 10

Disadvantages of using fossil fuels

Answer 10

There is a limited supply and it disrupts the habitat and can kill them.

Question 11

Advantages of nuclear energy

Answer 11

A small amount of uranium makes a lot of energy and a well-run power plant doesn’t pollute air, soil, or water.

Question 12

Disadvantages of nuclear energy

Answer 12

Uranium is nonrenewable and if the nuclear reactor gets out of control it can release harmful chemicals in the environment

Question 13

What is the government doing about pollution?

Answer 13

The Clean Air Act limits the amount of pollutants released in the air and the U.S. Atomic Energy Act has regulations to control nuclear emissions.

Question 14

What is vampire energy?

Answer 14

Vampire energy is energy for appliances like a printer or washing machine that are turned off but are still plugged in.

Question 15

What is a regulation?

Answer 15

A regulation is a rule dealing with procedures, such as safety.

Question 16

What is solar energy and how does it work?

Answer 16

Solar energy is energy from the sun. Solar cells capture light and turn it into electricity. In solar power plants, they transform energy in sunlight, which then turns turbines on extend to generators.

Question 17

What is active solar energy?

Answer 17

Used technology like solar panels that’s gather and store energy to heat homes.

Question 18

What is passive solar energy?

Answer 18

Uses design elements that capture energy in sunlight, like windows on the south side of a house lets in sunlight that heats the room.

Question 19

Wind energy

Answer 19

Wind turbines produce electricity on a large scale. A group of turbines is a wind farm.

Question 20

What’s hydroelectric power

Answer 20

Electricity produced by flowing water. You need a dam across a powerful river.

Question 21

What’s tidal power

Answer 21

Coastal areas with large difference in tide are good for tidal power. The flowing water turns turbines connected to generators to produce electricity.

Question 22

Geothermal energy

Answer 22

Thermal energy from earth’s interior is called geothermal energy. Can be suede to heat homes and make electricity. People drill wells and the best makes electricity.

Question 23

Biomass

Answer 23

Energy produced from burning organic matter like wood, food scraps, and alcohol.
Can be converted into fuel for vehicles. People blend ethanol, made from plants’ sugars, to reduce pollutants in the fuel.

Question 24

Advantages and disadvantages of renewable resources

Answer 24

Advantages:
Solar: nonpolluting, available in U.S. 
Wind: nonpolluting, inexpensive 
Water: nonpolluting, available in U.S.
Geo: little pollution, available in U.S.
Bio: reduces trash in landfills, available in U.S.

Disadvantages:
Less energy in cloudy days, solar cells expensive
Could harm birds, useless if not in windy areas
Useless in drought, harms fish
Habitat disruption, limited to tectonically active places
Expensive to transport, pollutes

Question 25

How do people use land as a resource?

Answer 25

People use land as a resource for agriculture, grassland and pasture, making paper and wood products, and for living space.

Question 26

What is the difference between metallic and nonmetallic minerals?

Answer 26

The difference is that metallic are probably more likely to break than nonmetallic.

Question 27

Advantages and disadvantages of using land as a resource

Answer 27

Advantages:
Soil and forests are widely available and easy to access
Crops+trees are renewable

Disadvantages:
Deforestation can cause loss of animal habitats
Some land resources ain’t renewable, like minerals
Pollution from runoff from coal pollutes soil and water

Question 28

How much of earths water is salt?

Answer 28

97%