Chapter 18 - Pancreas Flashcards
The pancreas has how many segments:
a. 4
b. 3
c. 12
d. 100
b. 3 (Head, body and tail)
Can you name the two basic cell types in the pancreas?
exocrine and endocrine
The ___ cells are exocrine cells that form grape-like lobules to form an entire gland in the pancreas.
acinar cells 🍇
What does the acinar cells secrete?
Digestive enzymes (eg. amylase, lipase & proteases)
What is the name of the main pancreatic duct?
duct of Wirsung (runs the whole length of the pancreas joining the CBD)
The minor papilla connects to the accessory duct in the pancreas is called what?
duct of Santorini
The remaining 1% of the pancreatic cells are endocrine cells. They are located in the ____ __ _______, mainly in the tail.
islets of Langerhans
What are the 2 main functions of the pancreas?
1.
2.
- Produce enzymes for digestion (exocrine)
2. Produce hormones that regulate BSL (endocrine)
What 3 types of endocrine cells does the pancreas produce?
a. alpha - glucagon
b. beta - insulin
d. delta - somatostatin
When BSL falls below normal the ___ cells are stimulated to secrete glucagon to increase BSL.
alpha
What cell is stimulated to lower the BSL when it is higher than normal?
beta cells secrete insulin to reduce BSL
The hormone somatostatin is secreted by the ___ cells and inhibits insulin and glucagon secretions as needed.
delta
What are the 4 stages of pancreatic secretions?
- Rest - slow rate of secretion
- Cephalic phase - secretion occurs from smell and sight of food
- Gastric phase - moderate secretions from distention of the stomach
- Intestinal phase - food in stomach evoke 70% of the maximal rate of secretions
Pancreatitis can be categorized into ___ or ___ pancreatitis.
acute or chronic
Acute pancretitis is defined when two out of the three criteria is met. What are the three criterias?
- Abdominal pain
- Amylase or lipase level 3x greater than normal
(exocrine acinar cells overstimulates) - Radiologic imaging consistent with diagnosis (CT scan or MRI)