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PHM 125 Pharmacology II > Chapter 18: Pain, Anesthesia, and Drug Therapy > Flashcards

Chapter 18: Pain, Anesthesia, and Drug Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Pain (KHR)

A

Physically or emotionally sensed discomfort that is or may be associated with acute tissue damage or a sensory system malfunction.

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2
Q

Nociceptive pain (KHR)

A

Pain perceived when tissue is damaged.
Somatic: relates to skin, muscles, and bones.
Visceral: relates to the organs.

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3
Q

Inflammatory pain (KHR)

A

A type of nociceptive pain; stems from the release of proinflammatory neurotransmitters (histamine, prostaglandins, etc.).

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4
Q

Neuropathic pain (KHR)

A

Abnormal pain signaling due to overactive nerve fibers.

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5
Q

Centralized pain (KHR)

A

Pain that occurs when the central nervous system does not process pain signals properly.

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6
Q

Acute pain (KHR)

A

Associated with trauma or surgery; usually treatable.

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7
Q

Chronic nonmalignant pain (KHR)

A

Pain that lasts for more than twelve weeks and may or may not have a diagnosed cause.

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8
Q

Chronic malignant pain (KHR)

A

Pain that accompanies malignant disease and often increases in severity as the disease progresses.

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9
Q

Background pain (KHR)

A

A term used to describe a constant level of pain.

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10
Q

Breakthrough pain (KHR)

A

Describes pain of great intensity that appears intermittently.

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11
Q

Provoked pain (KHR)

A

Pain with a clear cause; more intense than background pain.

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12
Q

Analgesic (KHR)

A

A drug that alleviates or reduces pain.

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13
Q

Opioid (KHR)

A

A substance, whether a drug or a chemical naturally produced by the body, that acts on opioid receptors to reduce the sensation of pain; also known as a narcotic.

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14
Q

Opiate (KHR)

A

Any of the naturally occurring opioid analgesics, such as morphine or codeine, from the poppy flower Papaver somniferum.

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15
Q

Sedation (KHR)

A

A state of eased anxiety and drowsiness that can typically be induced by opioids.

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16
Q

Euphoria (KHR)

A

Feelings of well-being.

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17
Q

Dysphoria (KHR)

A

A state of feeling unwell or unhappy.

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18
Q

Equianalgesic dose (KHR)

A

A dose that offers an equal amount of analgesia.

19
Q

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump (KHR)

A

A means of pain control whereby the patient can regulate, within certain limits, the amount of drug received.

20
Q

Opioid use disorder (KHR)

A

A condition that can occur with long-term use of an opioid analgesic; characterized by persistent desire to use opioids, interference with relationships and other life activities, and the need to increase doses to receive the same effects.

21
Q

Opioid toxicity (KHR)

A

Results in slow breathing, absence of breathing, deep sedation, lack of response, or a combination of these effects.

22
Q

Anesthesia (KHR)

A

An intervention that causes loss of feeling in all or part of the body by manipulating the nervous system to inhibit pain or the conscious perception of pain.

23
Q

General anesthesia (KHR)

A

Anesthesia that causes reversible unconsciousness and absence of response to otherwise painful stimuli; during general anesthesia, the patient is unconscious.

24
Q

Neuraxial anesthesia (KHR)

A

A type of anesthesia that blocks sensation through the injection of an agent into a nerve in the CNS without making the patient unconscious.

25
Q

Local anesthesia (KHR)

A

The production of a transient and reversible loss of sensation in a defined area of the body without altering alertness or mental function.

26
Q

Anesthesiologist (KHR)

A

A physician who oversees administration of anesthesia during surgery.

27
Q

Hypervolemia (KHR)

A

Excessive blood volume in the body.

28
Q

Barbiturate (KHR)

A

One of a class of CNS depressants that also act as antianxiety, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant agents.

29
Q

Benzodiazepine (KHR)

A

One of a class of drugs that act as sedative, hypnotic, antianxiety, and anticonvulsant agents.

30
Q

Neuromuscular blocking agents (KHR)

A

An agent that paralyzes the patient’s skeletal muscle.

31
Q

Endotracheal intubation (KHR)

A

The insertion of a tube into the trachea to keep it open and deliver oxygen and general anesthesia directly to the lungs.

32
Q

Anticholinesterase agents (KHR)

A

One of a class of drugs that potentiate the action of acetylcholine by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which breaks down acetylcholine.

33
Q

Malignant hyperthermia (KHR)

A

A sudden and rapid rise in body temperature, irregularities in heart rhythm and breathing; a serious side effect of anesthesia.

34
Q

Ester (KHR)

A

One of a class of short-acting local anesthetics metabolized in plasma and tissue fluids.

35
Q

Amide (KHR)

A

A longer-acting local anesthetic that is metabolized by liver enzymes.

36
Q

MIgraine (KHR)

A

A moderate to severe, throbbing, unilateral headache, often accompanied by nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, or hyperesthesia.

37
Q

Aura (KHR)

A

An unusual sensation, such as one of light, sound, or taste, occurring at the onset of a seizure or other neurological condition, such as migraine.

38
Q

5HT agonists (KHR)

A

Describes a drug that binds to serotonin receptors and causes dilatation of blood vessels in the dura mater, preventing inflammation, and reducing pain signal transmission; also known as triptans.

39
Q

Ergot (KHR)

A

A group of fungi from which is derived the alkaloid ergotamine, which is used in the treatment of migraines.

40
Q

CGRP receptor antagonist (KHR)

A

A member of the drug class that works by blocking activation of the trigeminal pain pathways.

41
Q

Caffeine (KHR)

A

A CNS stimulant used in combination with other analgesics to treat headache.

42
Q

Capsaicin (KHR)

A

Chemical derived from cayenne peppers; used as a topical treatment for pain.

43
Q

Feverfew (KHR)

A

Plant product used orally for migraine pain.

44
Q

Butterbur (KHR)

A

Herbal product; thought to prevent migraines.

PHM 125 Pharmacology II (3 decks)

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