Chapter 18: Mobility

Question 1

Assistive Technology

Answer 1

Can come in a variety of forms easily divided into low-tech and high-tech

Question 2

Low-Tech Interventions

Answer 2

• Typically of lower cost and have a low degree of complexity
• Include simpler forms of mobility aids such as walkers, crutches, and canes and direct-to-consumer mobility products

Question 3

High-Tech Interventions

Answer 3

• Address more specific customized needs, and are often more complex and costlier.
• Frequently require supplemental funding from health insurance and require longer-term intervention.
• Mobility technologies include power wheelchairs and ultra-lightweight manual wheelchairs.
• Often more durable and robust, which creates longevity but may require accommodation for transportation and accessibility due to increased size and weight.

Question 4

Assistive Technology Professional

Answer 4

The supplier providing the equipment for the child.

Question 5

Biomechanical

Answer 5

May be used when addressing a child’s functional mobility needs to examine range of motion, strength, and endurance, specifically in terms of how it relates to posture.

Question 6

Co-Creation

Answer 6

• The infant’s ability to participate in directing his or her experiences.
• Evident as the baby’s experiences lead to self-identified preferences which then guide the evolution of future interactions.

Question 7

Contoured Systems

Answer 7

• Have a broad range of support that they can provide
• Available in varying heights based on the child’s size and positioning needs.
• Taller backs are designed to easily allow for the attachment of positioning supports like lateral trunk supports, headrests, and chest harnesses.

Question 8

Planar Systems

Answer 8

• Flat, frequently result in only the scapula contacting the back, which can cause pressure injuries.
• Considering the progress that has been made with contoured equipment and the fact that a child’s back is not flat, planar backs are not appropriate for most children and should only be used when a child cannot use a contoured back.

Question 9

Ecology of Human Performance

Answer 9

Examines the person, tasks, and environment and contexts and considers how culture and social influences interplay.

Question 10

Embodied Cognition

Answer 10

Cites movement as a catalyst for the interactions that drive cognition and language as well as subsequent motor development

Question 11

Fiber Optic Switch

Answer 11

• Can be embedded in a lap tray, so the child can wave an arm above each switch to operate the wheelchair or other electronic device
• Designed for persons with weakness

Question 12

Folding Wheelchair

Answer 12

Have a cross brace underneath that allows the wheelchair to be folded in half for transportation

Question 13

Rigid Wheelchair

Answer 13

Have a rigid frame and the back can be folded down for transportation

Question 14

Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS)

Answer 14

Utilized to establish and measure outcomes or progress towards the child’s goals or outcomes

Question 15

Learned Helplessness

Answer 15

• The belief that one’s behaviors do not produce the desired outcomes and that one is not in control of events
• Children who develop this become unmotivated to explore and engage in new behaviors and they wait for someone to do things for them.

Question 16

Mobility

Answer 16

Fundamental to an individual’s overall development and functioning in the occupations of education, self-care, work, and play and is essential to quality of life

Question 17

Functional Mobility

Answer 17

Moving from one position or place to another (ex. bed mobility, wheelchair mobility, and transfers [wheelchair, bed, car, tub or shower, toilet, or chair]), performing functional ambulation, and transporting objects.

Question 18

Community Mobility

Answer 18

Moving oneself in the community and using public or private transportation (e.g., driving or accessing buses, taxicabs, or other public transportation systems)

Question 19

Object Affordances

Answer 19

Provide input on size, firmness, and texture

In the future, this tactile input will help shape motor planning and execution for subsequent hand-ball interactions

Question 20

Proximity Systems

Answer 20

Operated by getting close to them

Question 21

Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America (RESNA)

Answer 21

Credentials the ATP

Question 22

Seating Mobility Specialist

Answer 22

• An advanced certification a therapist or supplier may also have
• Recognizes and identifies rehabilitation professionals with advanced knowledge and experience in the field of seating and mobility.

Question 23

Standing

Answer 23

• Children with disabilities who cannot stand independently, may develop osteoporosis, joint contractures, and other medical issues.
• Anyone who cannot independently stand can benefit from the use of a stander

Question 24

Top-Down

Answer 24

Focuses on what the child and their family needs or wants to do, the context in which he or she typically engages in occupations or tasks, and the limitations that he or she may experience

Question 25

WHO Model of Rehabilitation

Answer 25

• Method of visualizing a plan of care
• This concept broadens the individual’s diagnosis beyond the physical impairments
• It challenges the occupational therapist to critically examine how the child with a disability participates in their environment
• This approach focuses on participation and not on the body systems level (ex. targeting strength, range of motion, coordination).