Chapter 18 Industrialization

Question 1

How did the American Federation of Labor differ from the Knights of Labor?

Answer 1

The AFL was a federation of national organizations, each of which retained a large degree of autonomy, while the Knights organization was more centralized.

Question 2

Membership in the American Federation of Labor at first:

Answer 2

grew slowly.

Question 3

T or F: The first transcontinental railroad was completed at Promontory Summit, Utah.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

All of the following factors helped accelerate economic growth after the Civil War EXCEPT:

a. the development of labor-saving machinery.
b. the abundance of natural resources in the United States.
c. innovative, bold leadership from energetic entrepreneurs.
d. federal and state policies aimed at limiting foreign competition.
e. the use of prison labor by railroad companies.

Answer 4

e. the use of prison labor by railroad companies.

Question 5

Why was there a growth of craft unions during the Civil War?

Answer 5

The war sparked an increased demand for skilled labor.

Question 6

The Knights of Labor:

Answer 6

called for men and women to have equal pay for equal work.

Question 7

T or F: The Foran Act made it illegal for federal or state government workers to join labor unions.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

For industrial workers in Gilded Age America:

Answer 8

working and living conditions remained precarious.

Question 9

The Homestead strike:

Answer 9

was waged against a Carnegie company.

Question 10

One method that executives used to fight unions was:

Answer 10

use the government.

Question 11

One of the main reasons that electric motors were significant to the industrialization of the late nineteenth century was that they:

Answer 11

freed factories to locate wherever they wished, and not just by waterfalls and coal deposits.

Question 12

T or F: Andrew Carnegie was an outspoken opponent of the idea of “the Gospel of Wealth.”

Answer 12

False

Question 13

The invention of electric motors did all of the following EXCEPT:

a. led to the bankruptcy of the Edison Electric Illuminating Company.
b. made it possible for factories to locate wherever they wished.
c. led to the development of elevators.
d. contributed to the development of suburbs.
e. led to the development of streetcars.

Answer 13

a. led to the bankruptcy of the Edison Electric Illuminating Company.

Question 14

Why was there a growth of craft unions during the Civil War?

Answer 14

The war sparked an increased demand for skilled labor.

Question 15

The Ladies’ Home Journal included all of the following sections EXCEPT:

a. cooking.
b. travel.
c. fiction.
d. sewing.
e. religion.

Answer 15

b. travel.

Question 16

T or F: Most Americans experienced a rising standard of living in the late nineteenth century.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T or F: The number of inventions registered at the U.S. Patent Office remained fairly constant through the nineteenth century.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

The Knights of Labor declined for all the following reasons EXCEPT:

a. its leader Terence Powderly died.
b. its leadership was devoted more to reform than to the nuts and bolts of organization.
c. the Haymarket affair discredited the union.
d. popular fears that the organization was too radical.
e. their preoccupation with local politics.

Answer 18

a. its leader Terence Powderly died.

Question 19

Why were mail cars connected to the Pullman cars during the Pullman strike?

Answer 19

to justify federal intervention to end the strike by allowing railroad executives to claim the strike interfered with the mail

Question 20

Interconnected transportation and communications networks were essential to the origins of the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States because:

Answer 20

they facilitated the emergence of a national and even international markets for American goods and services.

Question 21

Violence erupted at the Homestead Works in 1892 when:

Answer 21

Henry Frick tried to break a strike by bringing in the Pinkertons.

Question 22

From the end of the Civil War to the turn of the century:

Answer 22

corporations grew in size and power.