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Physics > Chapter 18: Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Chapter 18: Hemodynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of flow

A

Amount of blood flowing through an area. Also known as volume flow rate

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of flow

A

Pulsatile, phasic and steady

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of pulsatile flow

A

Variable velocity, results from cardiac contraction, found in arterial circulation

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of phasic flow

A

Variable velocity, caused by respiration, found in venous circulation

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of steady flow

A

Constant speed, found NORMALLY in portal system. If found in arteries or veins then it is because of changes in respiration or disease

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6
Q

Describe laminar flow

A

Consists of parallel streamlines, found in normal physiology

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of laminar flow

A

Plug flow and parabolic flow

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8
Q

Describe plug flow

A

Seen at the beginning of a vessel, happens when all of the layers travel at the same velocity

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9
Q

Describe parabolic flow

A

When blood flow starts traveling in different velocities, and forms like a bullet shape

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10
Q

Describe turbulent flow

A

Chaotic streamlines, seen following pathology, causes swirling patterns called eddy

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11
Q

Palpable turbulent flow is called

A

Thrill

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12
Q

Audible turbulent flow is called

A

Bruit

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13
Q

What is the Reynolds number for laminar flow

A

<1500

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14
Q

What is the reynolds number for turbulent flow

A

> 2000

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15
Q

Blood moves from ____ energy areas to ____ energy areas

A

High, low

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16
Q

What are the 3 forms of energy

A

Kinetic energy, pressure energy, and gravitational energy

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17
Q

Describe kinetic energy

A

Any moving object, determined by object mass and speed

18
Q

Describe pressure energy

A

Stored or potential energy, has the ability to perform work, creates flow by overcoming resistance

19
Q

Describe gravitational energy

A

Stored or potential energy, has the ability to do work, associated with any elevated object (above earth)

20
Q

Energy gets lost in circulation in 3 ways:

A

Viscous loss, frictional loss, and inertial loss

21
Q

Describe viscous loss

A

Measured in units of Poise, it’s the thickness of blood, determined by hematocrit

22
Q

Describe frictional loss

A

Caused by blood sliding across vessel walls, creating heat and loosing energy

23
Q

Describe intertial energy loss

A

When energy is lost when the speed of blood changes (resisting velocity)

24
Q

What is stenosis

A

Narrowing of lumen of a vessel

25
Q

What are the 5 changes to blood flow that a stenosis causes

A

1.Change in flow direction
2.Increased velocity through narrowing
3. Turbulence after narrowing
4. Pressure decreases across the stenosis
5. Loss of pulsatility (from pulsatile to steady)

26
Q

Bernoullis principle describes the relationship between _______ and ________ in a moving fluid

A

Velocity and pressure

27
Q

If velocity increases, pressure ______

A

Decreases. And viceversa

28
Q

In a stenosis, velocity increases, so pressure _______

A

Decreases

29
Q

Electrical resistance is reported in units of ____

A

Ohms

30
Q

Hydrostatic pressure is reported in units of

A

mmHg

31
Q

Pt lying in supine position, hydrostatic pressure is ____ everywhere

A

Zero

32
Q

Hydrostatic pressure at heart level is ____

A

Zero

33
Q

Hydrostatic pressure below heart level is

A

Positive

34
Q

Hydrostatic pressure above heart level is

A

Negative

35
Q

During inspiration, the diaphragm goes ____

A

Down

36
Q

During inspiration, the pressure in the abdominal cavity ______

A

Increases. Reducing flow from lower body

37
Q

During inspiration, the pressure in the thorax_____

A

Decreases. Allowing blood flow from upper body

38
Q

During expiration the diaphragm goes___

A

Up

39
Q

During expiration, the pressure in the abdominal cavity____

A

Decreases. Allowing flow from lower body

40
Q

During expiration, the pressure in the thorax _____

A

Increases, reducing blood flow from upper body

Physics (20 decks)

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