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Microbiology > Chapter 18- Haemophilus, Bordetella, Brucella, Francisella > Flashcards

Chapter 18- Haemophilus, Bordetella, Brucella, Francisella Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

haemophilus sp that is the major human pathogen

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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2
Q

H. influenza is normally found on

A

Mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract

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3
Q

typical morphology of H. influenzae

A

short, 1.5 um coccoid bacilli occurring in pairs or short chains

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4
Q

at what hours that small coccobacillary forms of H.influenza predominate

A

6-8 hours

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5
Q

At what hours that H.influenzae express a definite capsule?

A

6-18 hours

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6
Q

How many hours of incubation does H.influenzae must have?

A

24 hours on chocolate agar

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7
Q

Factor that physiologically acts as hemin

A

Factor X

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8
Q

Factor that is replaced by NAD

A

Factor V

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9
Q

Useful in species identification of Haemophilus as is the presence or absence of hemolysis

A

Carbohydrate fermentation

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10
Q

H.influenza and H.parainfluenzae can be biotyped on the basis of?

A

Production of indole, ornithine decarboxylase and urease

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11
Q

Capsular antigen of type b (H.influenzae)

A

PRP (polyribitol ribose phosphate)

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12
Q

H. influenzae can be typed by

A

Slide agglutination
Coagglutination with Staphylococci
Agglutination of latex particles
Immunoflorescence

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13
Q

Somatic antigens of H.influenza consists of

A

outer membrane proteins

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14
Q

The major virulence factor of H.influenzae

A

Polyribose phosphate capsule of type B of H.influenza

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15
Q

Common cause of bacterial meningitis in children aged 5 months to 5 years

A

H. influenzae type b

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16
Q

Specimens used for diagnostic lab tests for H. influenzae

A

Sputum
Pus
Blood
Spinal Fluid

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17
Q

Direct identification of H. Influenzae is through

A

NAATs using CSF

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18
Q

Media that enhances the growth of H. influenzae

A

IsoVitalex-enriched chocolate agar

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19
Q

A better test for X factor requirement is based on the?

A

Inability of H. influenzae to synthesize heme from g-aminolevulinic acid

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20
Q

Haemophilus organisms that do not require C factor synthesizes

A

porphobilinogen
porphyrins
protoporphyrin IX
heme

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21
Q

under ultraviolet light (-360 nm), it indicates the presence of porphyrins and a positive test result

A

presence of red fluorescence

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22
Q

H. influenzae are susceptible to?

A

Ampicillin
3rd-generation cephalosporins
Carbapenems

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23
Q

Give excellent results against H.influenzae

A

Cefotaxime

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24
Q

Formerly called as Koch-Weeks bacillus and causes pinkeye in children

A

H. aegyptius

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25
Q

Causative agent of brazilian purpuric fever

A

H.influenza biotype III

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26
Q

small gram-negative rods occurs in strands in the lesions

A

H.ducreyi

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27
Q

Haemophilus that requires X factor but not V factor

A

H.ducreyi

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28
Q

Best culture media for H.ducreyi

A

Chocolate agar with 1% IsoVitalex and 3 ug/mL vancomycin incubated in 10% CO2 at 33 C

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29
Q

Best identification test for H.ducreyi

A

NAATs

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30
Q

Recommended treatment for H.ducreyi

A

1 g of oral azithromycin

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31
Q

Other treatments for H.ducreyi

A

IM Ceftriaxone
Oral ciprofloxacin
Oral erythromycin

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32
Q

Haemophilus species that is the most markedly hemolytic organism of the group in vitro

A

H. haemolyticus

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33
Q

Causes whopping cough in humans

A

Bordertella pertussis

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34
Q

Bordetella species that causes bacteremia among immunosuppressed patients

A

Bordetella holmesii

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35
Q

Bordetella species that causes wound infections and otitis media

A

Bordetella trematum

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36
Q

Gram-negative encapsulated coccobacilli that resembles H.influenzae

A

Bordetella pertussis

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37
Q

Preferred culture for B.pertussis

A

Charcoal-containing medium with sheep’s blood cephalexin and amphotericin B (Regan-Lowe)

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38
Q

Primary isolation media for B.pertussis

A

Bordet-Gengou medium (potato-blood-glycerol agar) with 0.5 ug/mL Pen G

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39
Q

Required degrees and days of incubation for B.pertussis

A

35-37 C for 3-7 days

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40
Q

B.pertussis are identified using

A

Immunofluorescence staining

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41
Q

Positive enzymes for B.pertussis

A

Oxidase, Catalase Positive

Nitrate, Citrate and Urea Negative

42
Q

Central regulator of virulence genes of B.pertussis

A

Bordetella operons (bvgA) (bvgS)

43
Q

Bordetella operon that is a transcriptional activator of the virulence genes

A

bvgA

44
Q

Mediates adhesion to ciliated epithelial cells and are essential for tracheal colonization

A

Filamentous hemagglutinin + Fimbrae

45
Q

Bordetella toxin that promotes lymphocytosis

A

Pertussis toxin

46
Q

B.pertussis toxin that inhibits phagocyte function

A

Adenylate cyclase toxin

47
Q

Among all B.pertussis toxin, what toxin is not regulated by bvg?

A

Tracheal cytotoxin

Pertussis toxin, ACT, Dermonecrotic toxin (DCT) and hemolysis are regulated by bvg system

48
Q

IP of B.pertussis

A

2 weeks

49
Q

Stage of B.pertussis that is highly infected

A

Catarrhal stage

50
Q

Stage where pertussis cough is explosive and there “whoop” inhalation

A

Paroxysmal stage

51
Q

Stage of pertussis in 2-3 weeks where patients is susceptible to other respi diseases

A

Covalescent stage

52
Q

Common cause prolonged 4-6 week cough in adults

A

B.pertussis

53
Q

Specimens for diagnostic lab test for B.pertussis

A

Nasopharyngeal swab
NP aspirates
Cough droplets

54
Q

reagent used for direct examination of B.pertussis in NP swabs

A

Direct fluorescent antibody test

55
Q

0-2 weeks culture examination of B. Pertussisis through

A

Immunofluorescent staining

Slide agglutination w/ specific antiserum

56
Q

0-4 weeks examination and is the most sensitive methods to diagnose pertussis

A

PCR and NAATs

57
Q

Used for 2-8 weeks identification of IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies against B.pertussis is through

A

Enzyme immunoassays

58
Q

Primary treatment for B.pertussis

A

Macrolide

Alternative: TMP

59
Q

Administration of this drug during catarrhal stage eliminates B.pertussis

A

Erythromycin

60
Q

Disease in humans cause Brucella that is characterized by acute bacteremic phase followed by a chronic stage

A

Brucellosis/Undulant fever/Malta fever

61
Q

Gram-negative, aerobic, nonmotile,non-spore-forming,cocci to rods, 1-2 um in lengtj

A

Brucella

62
Q

Culture of Brucella in media appears in how many days?

A

2-5 days

63
Q

Fresh specimen from animal or human is best inoculated at

A

Trypticase-soy agar or blood culture media

64
Q

Positive enzymes of Brucella

A

Catalase

Oxidase

65
Q

Produced by many strains of Brucella that enables them to reduced nitrates to nitrites

A

Hydrogen sulfide

66
Q

Antigenic structure of Brucella

A

A and M antigens

67
Q

The main histological reaction in brucellosis

A
  1. Proliferation of mononuclear cells
  2. Exudation of fibrin
  3. Coagulation necrosis
  4. Fibrosis
68
Q

Placenta and fetal membranes of cattle,sheep,swine and goats contain this agent which is a growth factor for brucellae

A

Erythritol

69
Q

IP of Brucella

A

1-4 weeks

70
Q

Specimens for diagnostic lab test for Brucella

A

Blood
Serum
Biopsy culture from lymph nodes, bone

71
Q

Media used for Brucella culture

A

trypticase-soy medium with or without 5% sheep blood, brain heart infusion medium and chocolate agar

72
Q

Specimens where from which brucellae are most often isolated

A

Bone marrow and blood

73
Q

Enzymes that positive in Brucella

A

Catalase and oxidase positive

74
Q

A positive ______ test result is a characteristic of Brucella species

A

Positive urease test result

75
Q

Predominant antibody in acute phase of Brucellosis (peak @ 3 mos)

A

IgM

76
Q

Predominant antibody in subacute phase of Brucellosis

A

IgA

77
Q

Predominant antibody about 3 weeks after the onset acute Brucellosis

A

IgG

78
Q

Tests for diagnosing Brucellosis

A
  1. Agglutination test
  2. Blocking antibody
  3. Brucellacapt
  4. ELISA
79
Q

IgG agglutinin titers for active infection of Brucella

A

1:80 above

80
Q

these are IgA antibodies that interfere with agglutination by IgG and IgM that appears during subacute stage of infection

A

Blocking antibodies

81
Q

Rapid immunocapture agglutination method based on the Coombs test that detects NONAGGLUTINATING IgG and IgA antibodies.

A

Brucellacapt (Vircell, Granada and Spain)

82
Q

Test that used cytoplasmic proteins as antigens

A

ELISA assays

83
Q

Amino acid that predominates in Brucella cell wall

A

Lysine

84
Q

Treatment for brucellosis

A

Tetracycline + streptomycin or gentamicin for 2 weeks or rifampin for 6-8 weeks

85
Q

Brucellosis patients who has endocarditis or neurological disease, the treatment will be

A

Doxycylcine
Rifampin
Aminoglycoside

86
Q

The most virulent type of Francisella Tularensis

A

Type A (Terrestrial)

87
Q

Specimens for identification of F.tularensis

A 
Blood
Lymph node aspirates
Bone marrow
Peripheral blood
Deep tissue
Ulcer biopsies
88
Q

Growth of F.tularensis in media must contain

A

Cysteine

89
Q

Media for F.tularensis

A

Chocolate agar
Modified Thayer-Martin agar
Buffered charcoal yeast extract

90
Q

Required incubation for F. tularensis

A

35-37 C for 2-5 days

91
Q

Strain of F.tularensis that produce severe lethal illness in humans, ferments glycerol and contains citrulline ureidase

A

Jellison Type A

92
Q

The usual antibody response consists of agglutinins developing _____ days after the onset of illness.

A

7- 10 days

93
Q

Infection of F.tularensis is through

A

Penetration of the skin or mucous membranes

Inhalation of 50 organisms

94
Q

In _____ days, an inflammatory infection from F.tularensis develops ulcerating papule

A

2-6 days

95
Q

Potential agent of bioterrorism and is a Tier Agent 1 because it is very highly infectious

A

F. Tularensis

96
Q

Titer for single-tubed agglutination for F. tularensis

A

> 1:60

97
Q

Titer for microagglutination for F. tularensis

A

> 1:128

98
Q

Treatment against Tularensis

A

Streptomycin or gentamicin for 10 days

99
Q

Other potential agents for F. Tularensis

A

Tetracycline

Fluoroquinolones

100
Q

F. Tularensis is resistant to all?

A

B-lactam antibiotics

Microbiology (7 decks)

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