Chapter 18 - Final Flashcards
Anxiety disorder: Serotonin is ______, norepinephrine is ______, and GABA is _______.
decreased; increased; decreased
We need ____ to keep us from becoming anxious
GABA
Recurrent panic attacks, onset unpredictable, and manifested by intense apprehension, fear, or terror, often associated with feelings of impending doom and accompanied by intense physical discomfort
Panic Disorders
Fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult (or embarrassing) or in which help might not be available if a panic attack should occur
Panic disorder with agoraphobia
Characterized by chronic, unrealistic, and excessive anxiety and worry
Anxiety disorder
Excessive fear of situations in which the person might do something embarrassing or be evaluated negatively by others
Social Phobia
Marked, persistent, and excessive or unreasonable fear when in the presence of, or when anticipating, an encounter with a specific object or situation
Specific Phobia
_____ theory is unconscious fears may be expressed in symbolic manner as phobia
Psychoanalytic Theory
______ theory is fears are learned and become conditioned responses when the individual escapes panic anxiety (a negative reinforcement) by avoiding phobic stimulus
Learning Theory
_____ theory is anxiety is the product of faulty cognitions or anxiety-inducing self-instructions. Negative self statements or irrational beliefs
Cognitive Theory
Unwanted, intrusive, persistent ideas, thoughts, impulses, or images that cause marked anxiety or distress
Obsessions
Unwanted repetitive behavior patters or mental acts intended to reduce anxiety, not to provide pleasure or gratification
Compulsions
In panic disorders ______ is increased
norepinephrine
In anxiety disorders _______ and ______ decreases
Serotonin and GABA
Recurrent obsessions or compulsions that are severe enough to be time-consuming or to cause marked distress or significant impairment
OCD
What neurotransmitter may be influential in the etiology of OCD?
Serotonin
Characteristic symptoms following exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor involving a personal threat to physical integrity or to the physical integrity of others. Include re-experiencing the traumatic event, a sustained high level of anxiety or arousal, or a general numbing of responsiveness
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Most common cause of PTSD in the US is ________.
Car accidents
Anti-anxiety agents act by _____ the CNS
Depressing
Anti-anxiety agents are contraindicated with ______
other CNS depressants
Benzodiazepines ______ activity which leads to relaxation
Increase GABA
Buspirone (BuSpar) is not a _______, it acts on ______
CNS depressant; serotonin
A _______ reactions is opposite of what is expected
Paradoxical
3 classes of drugs used for PTSD
Antidepressants, anxiolytics, antihypertensives
Anxiolytics work by ________
increasing GABA
Xanax, Valium, Ativan, BuSpar are all ________.
Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines increase _________, which leads to relaxation
GABA
Ex. patient is afraid of spiders so you let a spider crawl on them. Exposing a patient to their fears all at once.
Implosion therapy - flooding
Allowing a person to over come their fear through gradual steps
Systematic desensitization
