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Pathology 2 > Chapter 18- Female Anatomy (Red Terms from Review Videos) > Flashcards

Chapter 18- Female Anatomy (Red Terms from Review Videos) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MC pathology of the vulva?

A

Inflammation (Vulvitis)

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2
Q

____ is a cause of vulvitis resulting in erythema, oozing, & crusting lesions

A

Eczema

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3
Q

The following microorganisms can cause infection, leading to vulvitis….

A

HPV (condylomata acuminata), HSV (vesicles), Treponema pallidum, N. gonorrhoeae, C. albicans

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4
Q

____ is an infection which obstructs ducts leading to vulvitis

A

Bartholin’s cyst

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5
Q

____ is an epidermal thinning of the vulva

A

Lichen sclerosus

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6
Q

Lichen sclerosus has what characteristic feature and is MC in what population?

A

white lesion

MC in elderly

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7
Q

_____ causes epithelial hyperplasia of the vulva

A

Lichen simplex chronicus

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8
Q

Lichen simplex chronicus is caused by…

A

chronic irritation (leukocytes)

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9
Q

____ is seen in secondary syphilis, is flat, moist and painless

A

Conylomata lata

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10
Q

____ is genital warts (HPV-6 & -11)

A

Condylomata acuminata

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11
Q

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia derives from what strains of HPV?

A

HPV-16 & -18

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12
Q

Non-HPV-related SCC is associated with…

A

lichen sclerosis

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13
Q

Features of vaginitis…

A

common, MC benign & transient

discharge (leukorrhea)

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14
Q

Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma occurs in what age group?

Risk factors?

A

MC >60 years

HPV and Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) as risk factors

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15
Q

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma is a risk for mothers who took…

A

diethylstilbestrol (DES)

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16
Q

Vaginal sarcoma botryoides is a type of…

MC in what age group

A

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

<5 years

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17
Q

Features of cervicitis…

A

common, benign, leukorrhea (discharge)

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18
Q

Cervical HPV infections that persist are called…

A

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

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19
Q

What HPV strains create a high risk for cervical neoplasia?

A

HPV-16 & -18 in the transformation zone

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20
Q

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) develops due to….

A

cervicial dysplasia

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21
Q

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is MC at age…

A

30 years

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22
Q

2 types of Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

A
  1. Low-grade CIN (60% regress, 10% progress to high-grade)

2. High-grade CIN (30% regress, 10% -> CA)

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23
Q

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is symptomatic/asymptomatic

A

asymptomatic

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24
Q

How is Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) diagnosed?

A

Biopsy (colposcopy)

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25
Q

Invasive carcinoma of the cervix is MC diagnosed when?

A

mid-40s

26
Q

Invasive carcinoma of the cervix is MC what?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

27
Q

Invasive carcinoma of the cervix occurs where?

A

Transformation zone

28
Q

Invasive carcinoma of the cervix becomes more dangerous after crossing what threshold?

A

greater than or equal to 3mm

29
Q

Invasive carcinoma of the cervix is asymptomatic early and ____ is the MC cause of death

A

local invasion

30
Q

Inflammation of the uterin endometrium

A

Endometritis

31
Q

Endometritis has 2 causes:

A
  1. MC secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease

2. retained products (conception, abortion, IUD)

32
Q

Extrauterine endometrial tissue causes

A

endometriosis

33
Q

Extrauterine endometrial tissue (endometriosis) tends to develop…

A

ovaries, peritoneum, pouch of Douglas, uterine ligaments, fallopian tubes, nodes, heart, lungs

34
Q

Precursor for endometrial carcinoma (dysplasia), excessive estrogen

A

Endometrial hyperplasia

35
Q

Taking ____ can increase your risk for Endometrial hyperplasia

A

exogenous estrogens (unbalanced)

36
Q

MC female genital tract cancer

A

Endometrial carcinoma

37
Q

Age range for endometrial carcinoma?

What type of carcinoma does it MC (80%) fall under?

A

55-65 years

Endometrioid

38
Q

Risk factor for endometrial carcinoma

A

Estrogens

39
Q

MC benign female tumor reproductive-age (50%), menorrhagia, atrophy after menopause

A

Leiomyoma (“fibroids”)

40
Q

Cancer, solitary, MC postmenopausal, anaplastic, hemorrhagic & necrotic mass, recur after excision

A

Leiomyosarcoma

41
Q

MC inflammation of the fallopian tubes

A

Salpingitis

42
Q

Salpingitis can occur from ____.

Can result in…

A

occur from STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhea, strep, staph

result in ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis, neoplasia, lower abdominal pain, pelvic mass

43
Q

Associated with BRCA mutations, diagnosed in lated stages, may involve peritoneal cavity

A

Adenocarcinoma (of fallopian tubes)

44
Q

90% of ovarian cancer (MC)

A

Surface epithelial tumors

45
Q

Types of surface epithelial tumors….

A

a. Serous tumors

b. endometrioid tumors

46
Q

What is the MC type of surface epithelial tumor

A

Serous tumors

47
Q

Serous tumors are:
benign/malignant
size, location
prognosis

A

60% benign, 40% malignant
Large (30-40 cm), bilateral (25%)
poor prognosis: 15% 10 year survival

48
Q

Endometrioid tumors are associated with…

MC benign/malignant?

A

endometriosis & endometrial CA

MC malignant

49
Q

non-uterine implantation of a zygote

A

Ectopic pregnancy

50
Q

MC location of ectopic pregnancy

A

tubal

51
Q

3 types of gestational trophoblastic disease

A
  1. Hydatidiform mole
  2. Invasive mole
  3. Choriocarcinoma
52
Q

gestational trophoblastic disease with swollen chorionic villi.
Features: benign, large, commonly cystic, grape-like.

A

Hydatidiform mole

53
Q

Gestational trophoblastic disease that is benign, invasive and possible rupture & severe hemorrhage of myometrium

A

Invasive mole

54
Q

Gestational trophoblastic disease with aggressive malignancy of gestational chorionic epithelium, hemorrhagic, discovered late

A

Choriocarcinoma

55
Q

Preeclampsia causes…

A

HTN, proteinuria, edema (face, periphery)

56
Q

Eclampsia causes…

A

seizures, coma

57
Q

Cystic dilation from an obstructed gland during lactation (lead to possible inflammation)

A

Galactocele

58
Q

Breast lesions are MC among… MC benign/malignant?

A

MC among females

MC benign

59
Q

Breast lesions features…

A

palpable mass

60
Q

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) have…

A

uniform cells, mucin vacuoles

61
Q

Bilateral breast enlargement, ~70% of pubescent males, newborn/elderly, ADRs, increase estrogens

A

Gynecomastia

62
Q

Male breast carcinoma rapidly invades….

A

rapidly invades thorax

Pathology 2 (7 decks)

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