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Pathology 2 > Chapter 11- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma/Leukemia (NHL) > Flashcards

Chapter 11- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma/Leukemia (NHL) Flashcards

1
Q

Acute lymphoblastic
leukemia/lymphoma (ALL)
Pathologic Cells

A

MC pre-B cells, but pre-T cells are possible (lymphoma)

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2
Q

Acute lymphoblastic
leukemia/lymphoma (ALL)
Patients

A

Children and adolescents
a) Pre-B cells: age 4
b) Pre-T cells: age
15-20

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3
Q

Acute lymphoblastic
leukemia/lymphoma (ALL)
Unique Features

A

Aggressive, represents 80% of childhood leukemia diagnosis.
Marrow suppression with
pancytopenia is common, bone pain, generalized lymphadenopathy, fever,
hepatosplenomegaly

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4
Q

Acute lymphoblastic
leukemia/lymphoma (ALL)
Prognosis

A

Improved prognosis: females, age 2-10

Most (80%) cured following chemotherapy

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5
Q

Chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (CLL) /small
lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)
Pathologic Cells

A

Mature B cells

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6
Q

Chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (CLL) /small
lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)
Patients

A 
Older adults,
average age at
diagnosis is age 60,
males are twice as
likely to develop CLL
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7
Q

Chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (CLL) /small
lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)
Unique Features

A

Most common leukemia of
adults.
Indolent course, commonly associated with immune abnormalities (hypogammaglobulinemia).

CLL is more common than SLL and primarily involves marrow
SLL = < 4,000 lymphocytes/μL and involves lymph nodes
Displaces normal marrow and produces pancytopenia

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8
Q

Chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (CLL) /small
lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)
Prognosis

A

Variable life expectancy, median is 4-6 years after diagnosis

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9
Q

Follicular lymphoma

Pathologic Cells

A

Mature B cells

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10
Q

Follicular lymphoma

Patients

A

Adults > age 50

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11
Q

Follicular lymphoma

Unique Features

A

t(14,18), abnormal BCL2 gene that promoted B cell survival, 40% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, may transition to
diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), painless generalized
lymphadenopathy, centrocytes

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12
Q

Follicular lymphoma

Prognosis

A

Median survival is 7-9 years after diagnosis, incurable

Prognosis is much worse with DLBCL transition: ~1 year

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13
Q

Mantle cell lymphoma

Pathologic Cells

A

Mature B cells

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14
Q

Mantle cell lymphoma

Patients

A

Adults > age 50,

males

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15
Q

Mantle cell lymphoma

Unique Features

A

t(11;14), cyclin D1 dysfunction,

abnormal B cells are found in mantle zones of lymph nodes

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16
Q

Mantle cell lymphoma

Prognosis

A

Median survival is 3-5 years after diagnosis, incurable

17
Q

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Pathologic Cells

A

Mature B cells

18
Q

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Patients

A

Most commonly
adults (age 60), but
is also 15% of
lymphomas in kids

19
Q

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Unique Features

A

Most common lymphoma of adults, aggressive, large cellular morphology

20
Q

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Prognosis

A

Rapidly fatal without Tx.
(chemotherapy), 80% go into remission with chemo., 50% of
those treated are eventually cured

21
Q

Burkitt lymphoma

Pathologic Cells

A

Mature B cells

22
Q

Burkitt lymphoma

Patients

A

Children in Africa

23
Q

Burkitt lymphoma

Unique Features

A

Once of the fastest growing tumors, extranodal sites are
commonly involved (e.g.
mandible, maxillae), past EBV infection is a risk factor, “starry sky” cellular appearance, MYC gene mutations

24
Q

Burkitt lymphoma

Prognosis

A

Most patients are cured following aggressive chemotherapy

25
Q

Multiple myeloma

Pathologic Cells

A

Plasma cells

26
Q

Multiple myeloma

Patients

A

Older adults, average Dx. is age 70, males, individuals of African descent

27
Q

Multiple myeloma

Unique Features

A

Progressive features, myeloma nephrosis from Bence-Joens proteins, M-spike, “punched out” osteolytic lesions of the
vertebrae and calvaria,
pathologic fracture, bone pain, hypercalcemia, anemia

28
Q

Multiple myeloma

Prognosis

A

Survival is 4-6 years after diagnosis,

incurable

Pathology 2 (7 decks)

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