Chapter 18- Cerebrovascular Flashcards
What vessel supplies the back of the brain?
Veterbral artery
The vertebral artery is the first branch off of what aortic branch?
subclavian
What are the vessels of the aortic branches?
Right innominate, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery.
What is the largest intra-arterial connection in the body called?
the circle of willis
The ECA has 8 branches!! What are three of them?
1) superior thyroid
2) facial
3) superficial temporal artery
What 4 vessels join together into the anastomotic ring of arteries located at the base of brain?
Right ICA
Left ICA
Left vertebral arteries
Right vertebral arteries
What are the other 5 arteries in the circle of willis?’
They all mostly start with C’s if that helps ;)
1) anterior communicating artery (ACoA)
2) Anterior cerebral arteries (ACA)
3) Small portion of the distal ICA
4) posterior communicating arteries (PCoa)
5) posterior cebral arteries (PCA)
What is the most common pathology that affects the carotid?
plaque within the intimal and media layer of the artery ( not in the actual vessel, just the wall)
“Fatty streak”is another word for intimal thickening in the carotid.
True or false
true
What is fibromusuclar dysplasia?
abnormal growth in the walls of carotid and renal arteries
What vessel is fibromuscular dysplasia often seen?
distal ICA
Patients who have fibromusuclar dysplasia are at risk for having dissection or ______
aneurysm
What is the sonographic appearance of fibromuscular dysplasia?
Beadlike appearance
Where are carotid body tumors often found?
Above the Cartoid biffurication, therefore splaying the ICA and ECA
Do these carotid body tumors have vascularity?
yes
Does the ICA or the ECA often have decreased resistance due to the vascularity of a carotid body tumor?
the ECA, from all of its branches
What is another word for Carotid body tumor?
Paraganglioma
Cartoid dissection is when there is a tear in which layer of the artery?
Intimal lining
Carotid dissection creates a false lumen in the artery. There is usually high or low resistant flow in the false lumen?
High resistant
What are some risk factors when it comes to carotid disease/strokes
Hypertension
Smoker
Hyperlipedemia
**Diabetes **
A TIA (transient Ischemia Attack) is a stroke that resolves completely after how long?
24 hours
A RIND (Resolving ischemia neurologic deficit) is a type of stroke that lasts how long?
longer than 24 hours but sitill resolves completely like TIA does
The RIGHT HEMISPHERE CVA affects which side of the body?
IMPORTANT ***
The LEFT side of the body
it is contralateral. REMEMBER THIS
The LEFT HEMISPHERE CVA affects which side of the ody?
the RIGHT side of the body
It is contralateral…REMEMBER THIS
What is paraesthesia?
tingling, pins and needles of the skin
weakness numbness of the body
paresis
weakness, numness of only one side of the body
hemiparesis
Dysarthria is the inability/difficulty of
speech
If an ICA lesion embolizes to the Anterior communicating artery, it is likely to affect what body part?
the patient leg more so than the arm
If the ICA lesion embolizes to the MCA, it is likely to affect what body part?
arm more than the leg
Vertebrobasilar symptoms are lesions that don’t affect certain areas of the hemisphere. (usually affect posterior arteries).
What are some symptoms of this?
Dyslexia, drop attack (passout), double vision, dizziness.
What is the first branch off the external carotid artery
*IMPORTANT
superior thyroid artery
Which arteries contacts the hemispheres
Anterior communicating arteries
Transient loss of vision in one eye
Important
Amaurosis Fugax
IS amaurosis fugax usually caused by a contralateral embolus or ipsalateral embolus?
IPSALATERAL.
Ex- Right ICA embolus to the right opthalmic artery would result in RIGHT fleeting vision.
Loss of the visual field of view that impacts both eyes
For example, not being able to see the right field of view in both eyes.
Homoymous hemianopia
Fatty streaking is the same thing as intimal thicknesss. What is it?
thin layer of lipid material in the intimal layer
