Chapter 18- Cerebrovascular

Question 1

What vessel supplies the back of the brain?

Answer 1

Veterbral artery

Question 2

The vertebral artery is the first branch off of what aortic branch?

Answer 2

subclavian

Question 3

What are the vessels of the aortic branches?

Answer 3

Right innominate, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery.

Question 4

What is the largest intra-arterial connection in the body called?

Answer 4

the circle of willis

Question 5

The ECA has 8 branches!! What are three of them?

Answer 5

1) superior thyroid
2) facial
3) superficial temporal artery

Question 6

What 4 vessels join together into the anastomotic ring of arteries located at the base of brain?

Answer 6

Right ICA
Left ICA
Left vertebral arteries
Right vertebral arteries

Question 7

What are the other 5 arteries in the circle of willis?’

They all mostly start with C’s if that helps ;)

Answer 7

1) anterior communicating artery (ACoA)
2) Anterior cerebral arteries (ACA)
3) Small portion of the distal ICA
4) posterior communicating arteries (PCoa)
5) posterior cebral arteries (PCA)

Question 8

What is the most common pathology that affects the carotid?

Answer 8

plaque within the intimal and media layer of the artery ( not in the actual vessel, just the wall)

Question 9

“Fatty streak”is another word for intimal thickening in the carotid.

True or false

Answer 9

true

Question 10

What is fibromusuclar dysplasia?

Answer 10

abnormal growth in the walls of carotid and renal arteries

Question 11

What vessel is fibromuscular dysplasia often seen?

Answer 11

distal ICA

Question 12

Patients who have fibromusuclar dysplasia are at risk for having dissection or ______

Answer 12

aneurysm

Question 13

What is the sonographic appearance of fibromuscular dysplasia?

Answer 13

Beadlike appearance

Question 14

Where are carotid body tumors often found?

Answer 14

Above the Cartoid biffurication, therefore splaying the ICA and ECA

Question 15

Do these carotid body tumors have vascularity?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

Does the ICA or the ECA often have decreased resistance due to the vascularity of a carotid body tumor?

Answer 16

the ECA, from all of its branches

Question 17

What is another word for Carotid body tumor?

Answer 17

Paraganglioma

Question 18

Cartoid dissection is when there is a tear in which layer of the artery?

Answer 18

Intimal lining

Question 19

Carotid dissection creates a false lumen in the artery. There is usually high or low resistant flow in the false lumen?

Answer 19

High resistant

Question 20

What are some risk factors when it comes to carotid disease/strokes

Answer 20

Hypertension
Smoker
Hyperlipedemia
**Diabetes **

Question 21

A TIA (transient Ischemia Attack) is a stroke that resolves completely after how long?

Answer 21

24 hours

Question 22

A RIND (Resolving ischemia neurologic deficit) is a type of stroke that lasts how long?

Answer 22

longer than 24 hours but sitill resolves completely like TIA does

Question 23

The RIGHT HEMISPHERE CVA affects which side of the body?

IMPORTANT ***

Answer 23

The LEFT side of the body

it is contralateral. REMEMBER THIS

Question 24

The LEFT HEMISPHERE CVA affects which side of the ody?

Answer 24

the RIGHT side of the body

It is contralateral…REMEMBER THIS

Question 25

What is paraesthesia?

Answer 25

tingling, pins and needles of the skin

Question 26

weakness numbness of the body

Answer 26

paresis

Question 27

weakness, numness of only one side of the body

Answer 27

hemiparesis

Question 28

Dysarthria is the inability/difficulty of

Answer 28

speech

Question 29

If an ICA lesion embolizes to the Anterior communicating artery, it is likely to affect what body part?

Answer 29

the patient leg more so than the arm

Question 30

If the ICA lesion embolizes to the MCA, it is likely to affect what body part?

Answer 30

arm more than the leg

Question 31

Vertebrobasilar symptoms are lesions that don’t affect certain areas of the hemisphere. (usually affect posterior arteries).

What are some symptoms of this?

Answer 31

Dyslexia, drop attack (passout), double vision, dizziness.

Question 32

What is the first branch off the external carotid artery

*IMPORTANT

Answer 32

superior thyroid artery

Question 33

Which arteries contacts the hemispheres

Answer 33

Anterior communicating arteries

Question 34

Transient loss of vision in one eye

Important

Answer 34

Amaurosis Fugax

Question 35

IS amaurosis fugax usually caused by a contralateral embolus or ipsalateral embolus?

Answer 35

IPSALATERAL.

Ex- Right ICA embolus to the right opthalmic artery would result in RIGHT fleeting vision.

Question 36

Loss of the visual field of view that impacts both eyes

For example, not being able to see the right field of view in both eyes.

Answer 36

Homoymous hemianopia

Question 37

Fatty streaking is the same thing as intimal thicknesss. What is it?

Answer 37

thin layer of lipid material in the intimal layer