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Vascular-Arterial > Chapter 15- Misc Conditions/Tests > Flashcards

Chapter 15- Misc Conditions/Tests Flashcards

1
Q

the compression of nerves, arteries, or veins

A

thoracic outlet syndrome

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2
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome usually a result of?

A

result of an extra first rib or old fracture of collarbone. This reduces the space of vessels and nerves

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3
Q

The different types of thoracic outlet syndromes-

A

Neurogenic- most common- pain and weakness

Venous- swelling, pain, and bluish discoloration

Arterial- pain coldness and paleness of are

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4
Q

Symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome

A

numbness, tingling, pain in shoulder or arm-worse when they raise their arm

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5
Q

What kind of person is most susceptible to popliteal artery entrapment syndrome?

A

a young athletic male

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6
Q

the compression or occlusion of the pop artery due to abnormal relationship with medial head of gastrocnemium

A

popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES)

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7
Q

What is the most common symptom for popliteal artery entrapment?

A

intermittent claudication. often bilateral.

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8
Q

What is the most common type of patient with buerger’s disease?

A

a male who is a heavy smoker.

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9
Q

Name type twos of arteritis diseases.

A

Buergers and Takayasu

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10
Q

What are the main differences versus buergers and takayasu arteritis?

A

Buergers affects the small vessels in the upper and lower extremities versus takayasu affects the large vessels such as aorta.

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11
Q

What would a patient with Buerger’s disease present with?

A

hand or foot ischemia, rest pain or ulcerations.

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12
Q

Takayasu arteritis is often referred to as??

A

the pulseless disease. (upper extremities)

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13
Q

imnflammation of the arterial wall of the superficial temporal artery

A

temporal arteritis

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14
Q

If temporal arteritis goes uncured, it can lead to…

A

blindness

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15
Q

Temporal arteritis often has what sonographic appearance?

A

halo around the vessel.

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16
Q

Patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon may present with….

A

whiteness, redness, or bluish skin discoloration, numbness and pain or digits. Once the vasospasm resolves the area then turns red and may have a burning sensation.

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17
Q

What are the difference between primary and secondary Raynauds?

A

Primary- just vasospasm, no eiotlogy

Secondary. secondary to connective tissue disorder, smoking, gangrene, necrosis.

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18
Q

When doing a PPG waveform, if we see a peaked waveform, what should we suspect?

A

Raynauds

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19
Q

Why is a pseudo (false) aneurysm not considered a true aneurysm?

A

It does NOT involve all three layers like a true aneurysm would.

20
Q

Describe what a pseudoaneurysm is?

A

A defect or hole in the arterial wall often from trauma or hospital acquired.

21
Q

What is the most common area for a pseudo-aneurysm to form?

A

CFA (usually used for arterial access)

22
Q

How do we sonographically diagnose a pseudo aneurysm?

A

Look for the neck as well as “ to and fro” waveform which is the blood flow coming in and out of the “sac”`

23
Q

What is the most common treatment for a pseudo aneurysm?

A

Thrombin injection- physician injects it into the sac and thrombus occurs within seconds.

24
Q

What is the primary risk of treating a pseudo aneurysm with a thrombin injection

A

thrombin migration into the artery.

25
Q

an abnormal connection between artery system and venous system

A

Arteriovenous fistula

26
Q

If a patient has an AVF (fistula) more closer or central to the heart, what does that put the patient at risk for?

A

potential heart failure

27
Q

How would The connection between the artery and vein in an AVF look on Doppler?

A

very high velocity, aliasing TURN UP PRF

28
Q

On the arterial side closest to the AVF, what would this look like on Doppler?

A

very disturbed

29
Q

What are the symptoms of compartment syndrome?

A

Tenderness, pain, nerve injury

30
Q

What is the treatment for compartment syndrome?

A

fasciotomy (the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure.

31
Q

What is the technique called that determines whether a wound is capable of healing?

A

Transcutaneous oximetry.

32
Q

Explain the process of the transcutaneous oximetry

A

Electrode heats skin to 45 degrees C.
Increases blood flow
Heat melts the lipid fatty layer
Increased amounts of oxygen escapes into skin
This oxygen creates a chemical reaction and converts this to a current (our number)

33
Q

If a patient has a PO2 of >50 mm, their wound is likely to heal

A

true

34
Q

If a patient has a PO2 of less than 30 mm/hg, there is a good chance the would will NOT heal..

A

True

35
Q

What is a Hydrophone?

A

this is a microphone that detects sound waves underwater.

36
Q

The ___ (ulnar/radial) artery is the main supplier to the hand

A

ulnar (side near pinky)

37
Q

What does the Allen’s test do?

A

assesses patency of the palmar arch.

38
Q

What is the time in which the normal color should return when doing the allen test.

A

10 seconds

39
Q

What is radial artery mapping usually used for?

A

suitability for the radial artery to be used as a graft for coronary artery bypass

40
Q

When doing the radial artery mapping, the radial artery should be > ___ mm

A

> 2mm

41
Q

What would arterial mapping of the epigastric artery be used for?

A

to identify the adequate arterial supplied muscle for autogenous breast reconstruction

42
Q

THe _____ (4 letters) flap is ued for autogenous breast reconstruction

A

TRAM

43
Q

What would the mapping of the internal mammary artery be used for?

A

Recipient site for free flaps in reconstructive breast surgery.

Graft to the left anterior descending artery in coronary bypass grafting

44
Q

Which two arteries do we do mappings for since they can be used for a coronary bypass grafting?

A

Internal mammary artery (internal thoracic)

Radial artery

45
Q

How large does the GSV need to be when doing a mapping?

A

> 2-3 mm

46
Q

Which vessel is typical larger? The basilic or cephalic?

A

Basilic

Vascular-Arterial (22 decks)

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