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Social Studies 8W > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Someone who sets up new businesses to make a profit

A

Enterpeneur

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2
Q

Products are made as they move along a belt

A

Assembly Line

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3
Q

A document giving someone the sole right to make and sell an invention

A

Patent

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4
Q

A group of corporations run by a single board of directors

A

Trust

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5
Q

Company that controls most or all business in a particular industry

A

Monopoly

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6
Q

Business owned by many investors

A

Corporation

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7
Q

Unions negotiate with management for workers as a group

A

Collective Bargaining

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8
Q

The belief that the rich had a duty to improve society

A

Gospel of Wealth

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9
Q

Place where workers worked long hours under poor conditions for little pay

A

Sweatshop

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10
Q

Buildings divided into tiny apartments

A

Tenement

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11
Q

Living areas on the outskirts of the city

A

Suburb

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12
Q

The rapid growth of city population

A

Urbanization

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13
Q

The process of becoming a part of another culture

A

Assimilation

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14
Q

Part of the city where the poor lived

A

Slum

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15
Q

Large compartments that usually held cattle also area of ships where immigrants traveled in

A

Steerage

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16
Q

Person who wanted to preserve the United States for native born Americans

A

Nativist

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17
Q

The requirement that children must attend school up to a certain age

A

Compulsory Education

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18
Q

Writers who try to show life as it is

A

Realist

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19
Q

The turn of the 20th century was the changing of which centuries?

A

19th and 20th

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20
Q

A sensational reporting style of the newspapers at that time

A

Yellow Journalism

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21
Q

A person who opposes all forms of government

A

Anarchist

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22
Q

List 3 natural resources that helped fuel industrial expansion at the turn of the 20th century

A

Coal
Iron
Copper

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23
Q

How did high tariffs help American businesses?

A

Tariffs raised the price of foreign goods and made lower priced American goods more attractive to customers

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24
Q

What is the name of the process invented in the 1850’s that made the stronger steel at a lower cost?

A

Bessemer Process

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25
Q

According to their defenders, how did trusts benefit the economy?

A

Trusts allowed companies to lower prices

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26
Q

What invention improved communication in the late 1800’s?

A

Telephone

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27
Q

What was the most important effect of Henry Ford’s method of automobile production?

A

Millions of Americans could now afford automobiles

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28
Q

Describe 3 feelings about trust held by those who criticized trusts

A
  • Business leaders were “Robber Barrens”
  • Trusts threatened free enterprise
  • Trusts unfairly eliminated competition
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29
Q

How did the railroad industry fueled industrial growth?

A

They carried people west and raw materials east

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30
Q

What was John D. Rockefeller best known for?

A

Oil

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31
Q

What was J.P. Morgan best known for?

A

Banking

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32
Q

List 3 examples of how the national government encouraged growth

A
  • Land Grants
  • Subsidies
  • Tariffs on imports
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33
Q

What two energy sources led to many new inventions?

A
  • Oil

- Electricity

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34
Q

Describe 3 things Jane Addams did as a reformer

A
  • Helped the homeless
  • Opened settlement houses
  • Set up hospitals and clinics
35
Q

What type of power did electricity replace

A

Steam

36
Q

Name a group of Americans that did not benefit much economically as business owners?

A

Employees

37
Q

List 3 problems of city life in the 1800’s

A
  • The risk of fire
  • Overcrowded Tenements
  • Poor sanitation
38
Q

Name 3 problems that led workers to form labor organizations

A
  • Low wages
  • Unsafe working conditions
  • Use of child labor
39
Q

What theory of Charles Darwin’s was “Social Darwinism” based on?

A

Theory of Natural Selection

40
Q

Give a reason used by Social Darwinists to justify low pay and harsh conditions for factory workers

A

Conditions were necessary to cut costs

41
Q

What caused public opinion to turn against labor unions in 1886?

A

Violence

42
Q

List 3 departments that cities created to improve city life

A
  • Fire
  • Sanitation
  • Police
43
Q

List 3 examples of services provided at settlement houses

A
  • Teaching English to immigrants
  • Sponsoring music and sports for young people
  • Providing nurseries for children of working mothers
44
Q

List 3 goals of early labor unions

A
  • Making working conditions safer
  • Increasing wages
  • Making workdays shorter
45
Q

Where did most new immigrants to the U.S. settle between 1860-1890?

A

Cities

46
Q

List 3 inventions that contributed to the growth of cities in the late 1800’s

A
  • Subway
  • Elevated Train
  • Electric Streetcar
47
Q

Andrew Carnegie made his fortune in what industry?

A

Steel

48
Q

Name the most popular professional sport in the late 1800’s

A

Baseball

49
Q

What new reading habits developed in the late 1800’s?

A

More people began reading newspapers, books, and magazines

50
Q

List 3 conditions in Europe that pushed some European immigrants to leave their home countries and got to the United States

A
  • Wars
  • Religious Persecution
  • Scarce Land
51
Q

Why were “trained” workers more valuable than “untrained” workers?

A

Trained workers were more difficult to replace

52
Q

What had the strongest effect on the growth of public education after the Civil War?

A

Compulsory education laws

53
Q

Give a reason why an immigrant arriving at Ellis Island in New York could be returned home

A

Handicapped, or seriously ill

54
Q

How did the assembly line lower the cost of automobile production?

A

Cut the time to produce a car in half

55
Q

Give 3 reasons why the New York World was popular

A
  • Comics
  • Sensational Headlines
  • Low Cost
56
Q

What was the feeling a Nativist had about immigrants and jobs?

A

Immigrants steal jobs from those born in the U.S.

57
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution change where people lived?

A

More people lived in cities

58
Q

Where were most Asian immigrants processed?

A

Angel Island

59
Q

What was a main theme found in realist writing in the late 1800’s?

A

The harsh life of the poor

60
Q

Where were most European immigrants processed?

A

Ellis Island

61
Q

What was an “ethnic neighborhood”?

A

Neighborhoods were people from the same country settled

62
Q

What event is credited with making Chicago well known for its architecture?

A

The Great Chicago Fire

63
Q

What were the “Three R’s” for education at the turn of the 20th century?

A

Reading
Writing
Arithmetic

64
Q

Why did immigrant children assimilate more rapidly than adults?

A

By being surrounded by English speakers they learned more quickly

65
Q

What turn of the 20th century writer was known for his “rags to riches” stories?

A

Horatio Alger

66
Q

List 3 example of businesses where children worked

A
  • Tobacco factories
  • Coal mines
  • Garment Sweatshops
67
Q

What was the fondest dream of many immigrants?

A

To have their children receive an education

68
Q

Who was the most popular writer at the turn of the 20th century?

A

Mark Twain

69
Q

How did the laws in New York and other states change after the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire

A

States approved safety laws to help protect factory workers

70
Q

What part of Europe did most immigrants come from in the late 1800’s?

A

Southern and Eastern

71
Q

Why were Department stores popular at the turn of the century?

A

They offered a variety of goods in different departments of the same store

72
Q

How were immigrants able to advance economically?

A

Through hard work and saving

73
Q

As learning became available to more people what did people do more of?

A

They began to read more books and magazines

74
Q

What did “nativists” want to preserve?

A

To preserve the United states for native born Americans

75
Q

Why did states improves public schools as industry grew?

A

People realized that the country needed an educated workforce

76
Q

Why would people in cities need newspapers to stay informed?

A

It was harder to share news face to face

77
Q

How did Congress in 1917 keep poor immigrants from coming to the United States?

A

Passed a law barring any immigrant who could not read their own language

78
Q

Why were southern states more reluctant to pass compulsory education laws?

A

They did not want African American children to attend schools

79
Q

By 1900 how many newspapers in the world were printed in the US?

A

1/2

80
Q

When did congress finally ease restrictions on immigration?

A

In the 1960’s

81
Q

By what year did all states require children to be in school?

A

1918

82
Q

How many kids went to school before 1870?

A

Fewer than half

83
Q

What did Joseph Pulitzer create that was the first of its kind?

A

The first mass circulation newspaper

84
Q

What did poems and stories in early textbooks teach other than reading?

A

Moral values and the Christian Religion

Social Studies 8W (7 decks)

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