Chapter #18

Question 1

psychological approach to reducing disorder?

Answer 1

reducing disorders through psychological therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).

Question 2

biomedical approach to reducing disorder?

Answer 2

based on the use of medications totreat mental disorders
-as well as the electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and psychosurgery.

Question 3

social approach to reducing disorder?

Answer 3

focuses on changing the social environment in which individuals live to reduce the causes of the disorder.

Question 4

Psychoanalysis?

Answer 4

A psychological intervention designed to help people resolve problems and improve the quality of their lives.

Question 5

Free association?

Answer 5

The therapist listens while the client talks about whatever comes to mind, The therapist then tries to interpret these free associations, looking for unconscious causes of symptoms.

Question 6

Dream analysis?

Answer 6

The therapist listens while the client describes his or her dreams and then
analyzes the symbolism of the dreams

Question 7

Insight?

Answer 7

An understanding by the patient of the unconscious causes of his or her symptoms.

Question 8

Interpretation?

Answer 8

The therapist uses the patient’s thoughts to understand the underlying unconscious problems. The analyst may try out some interpretations of the patient and observe how he or she responds to them.

Question 9

Resistance?

Answer 9

The patient’s use of defence mechanisms to avoid the painful
feelings in his or her unconscious. The patient might forget or miss
appointments, or act out with hostile feelings toward the therapist.

Question 10

Transference?

Answer 10

The unconscious redirection of the feelings experienced in an important personal relationship toward the therapist.
ex. the patient may transfer feelings of guilt that come from the father to the therapist.

Question 11

Neo-Freudian Tradition Positive psychology?

Answer 11

• Emphasize the impact of cultural and interpersonal influences on behaviour

Question 12

interpersonal therapy?

Answer 12

• treatment that strengthens social skills, interpersonal problems, conflicts, and life transitions
• Short-term treatment originally developed for depression
• Also effective treatment of substance abuse and eating disorders

Question 13

Humanist therapy?

Answer 13

people experience psychological problems when they are burdened by limits and expectations placed on them by themselves and others.

Question 14

Behaviour therapy?

Answer 14

observational learning to eliminate maladaptive behaviours and their replacement with more adaptive responses.

Question 15

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)?

Answer 15

reduces psychological disorders based on cognitive and behavioural principles.

Question 16

rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)?

Answer 16

helping the patient replace the irrational thoughts with more rational ones.

Question 17

Eclectic therapy?

Answer 17

he therapist uses whatever treatment approaches seem most likely to be effective for the client. sometimes just therapy or therapy/medication.

Question 18

Psychopharmacotherapy?

Answer 18

use of medications in an attempt to directly alter the brain’s chemistry to
treat psychological disorders.

Question 19

transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS)?

Answer 19

a medical procedure designed to reduce psychological disorders that uses a pulsing magnetic coil to electrically stimulate the brain.

Question 20

Psychosurgery?

Answer 20

removing or destroying brain tissue in the hope of improving disorder, is reserved for the most severe cases.
ex. Lobotomy.