Chapter 18

Question 1

Electrochemistry

Answer 1

Transformations between electrical and chemical energy

Question 2

Redox reaction

Answer 2

2 simultaneous half reactions

Question 3

Oxidation

Answer 3

Loss of electrons
Reducing agent
Oxidation number increases

Question 4

Reduction

Answer 4

Gain of electrons
Oxidizing agent
Oxidation number decreases

Question 5

Disproportionation reaction

Answer 5

One species simultaneously oxidized and reduced
Decomposition reaction

Question 6

Balancing redox

Answer 6

Split, balance, H2O, H+, (OH- both), electrons, balance, add

Question 7

Electrical current

Answer 7

Flow of charge
Redox reaction

Question 8

Electrochemical cell

Answer 8

Generates electricity with redox reactions

Question 9

Voltaic or galvanic cell

Answer 9

Produces current from spontaneous redox reaction
Chemical to electrical energy

Question 10

Produces current from spontaneous redox reaction

Answer 10

Voltaic or galvanic cells

Question 11

Chemical to electrical energy

Answer 11

Voltaic or galvanic cell

Question 12

Electrolytic cell

Answer 12

Consumes current to drive a nospontaneous redox reaction
Electrical to chemical energy

Question 13

Consumes current to drive a nospontaneous redox reaction

Answer 13

Electrolytic cell

Question 14

Electrical to chemical energy

Answer 14

Electrolytic cell

Question 15

Anode

Answer 15

Oxidation
Electrons away (source)

Question 16

Cathode

Answer 16

Reduction
Electrons come (electron sink)

Question 17

Salt bridge

Answer 17

Balances electron flow to prevent a buildup of charge

Question 18

Salt bridge ion flow

Answer 18

Anions to anode
Cations to cathode

Question 19

Potential difference

Answer 19

Charge difference at electrodes drives current
Measured in volts

Question 20

Cell potential

Answer 20

Ecell
Potential difference of a voltaic cell

Question 21

Positive Ecell

Answer 21

Spontaneous

Question 22

Negative Ecell

Answer 22

Nonspontaneous

Question 23

Ecell

Answer 23

Tendency of a redox reaction to happen spontaneously
Higher = more likely

Question 24

Cell diagram

Answer 24

Anode/anode solution(M)//cathode solution(M)/cathode

Question 25

SHE

Answer 25

Standard hydrogen electrode Used to measure half reactions voltage

Question 26

Standard reduction potentials

Answer 26

Standard Ecell values given for reduction half reaction Reverse to get oxidation

Question 27

Dry cell

Answer 27

Acidic, connected in series, 1.5 V Shorter life, not rechargeable

Question 28

Alkaline battery

Answer 28

Basic, connected in series, 1.54 V each Longer life, not rechargeable

Question 29

Lead acid battery

Answer 29

6 voltaic cells in series, 12V Rechargeable and heavy

Question 30

Nickel cadmium battery

Answer 30

1.3 V Toxic

Question 31

Nickel metal hydroxide battery

Answer 31

2.6 V Used in EV

Question 32

Lithium ion battery

Answer 32

New, light weight Relies on movement of Li+ ions

Question 33

Fuel cell

Answer 33

Voltaic cell using oxidation of a continuous fuel supply Combustion

Question 34

Concentration cells

Answer 34

Electron flow based on concentration difference, towards lower concentration

Question 35

Ecell of a concentration cell

Answer 35

Zero Reactions are exactly opposite