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Chemistry 115 > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Electrochemistry

A

Transformations between electrical and chemical energy

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2
Q

Redox reaction

A

2 simultaneous half reactions

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3
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrons
Reducing agent
Oxidation number increases

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4
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electrons
Oxidizing agent
Oxidation number decreases

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5
Q

Disproportionation reaction

A

One species simultaneously oxidized and reduced
Decomposition reaction

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6
Q

Balancing redox

A

Split, balance, H2O, H+, (OH- both), electrons, balance, add

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7
Q

Electrical current

A

Flow of charge
Redox reaction

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8
Q

Electrochemical cell

A

Generates electricity with redox reactions

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9
Q

Voltaic or galvanic cell

A

Produces current from spontaneous redox reaction
Chemical to electrical energy

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10
Q

Produces current from spontaneous redox reaction

A

Voltaic or galvanic cells

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11
Q

Chemical to electrical energy

A

Voltaic or galvanic cell

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12
Q

Electrolytic cell

A

Consumes current to drive a nospontaneous redox reaction
Electrical to chemical energy

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13
Q

Consumes current to drive a nospontaneous redox reaction

A

Electrolytic cell

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14
Q

Electrical to chemical energy

A

Electrolytic cell

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15
Q

Anode

A

Oxidation
Electrons away (source)

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16
Q

Cathode

A

Reduction
Electrons come (electron sink)

17
Q

Salt bridge

A

Balances electron flow to prevent a buildup of charge

18
Q

Salt bridge ion flow

A

Anions to anode
Cations to cathode

19
Q

Potential difference

A

Charge difference at electrodes drives current
Measured in volts

20
Q

Cell potential

A

Ecell
Potential difference of a voltaic cell

21
Q

Positive Ecell

A

Spontaneous

22
Q

Negative Ecell

A

Nonspontaneous

23
Q

Ecell

A

Tendency of a redox reaction to happen spontaneously
Higher = more likely

24
Q

Cell diagram

A

Anode/anode solution(M)//cathode solution(M)/cathode

25
Q

SHE

A

Standard hydrogen electrode
Used to measure half reactions voltage

26
Q

Standard reduction potentials

A

Standard Ecell values given for reduction half reaction
Reverse to get oxidation

27
Q

Dry cell

A

Acidic, connected in series, 1.5 V
Shorter life, not rechargeable

28
Q

Alkaline battery

A

Basic, connected in series, 1.54 V each
Longer life, not rechargeable

29
Q

Lead acid battery

A

6 voltaic cells in series, 12V
Rechargeable and heavy

30
Q

Nickel cadmium battery

A

1.3 V
Toxic

31
Q

Nickel metal hydroxide battery

A

2.6 V
Used in EV

32
Q

Lithium ion battery

A

New, light weight
Relies on movement of Li+ ions

33
Q

Fuel cell

A

Voltaic cell using oxidation of a continuous fuel supply
Combustion

34
Q

Concentration cells

A

Electron flow based on concentration difference, towards lower concentration

35
Q

Ecell of a concentration cell

A

Zero
Reactions are exactly opposite

Chemistry 115 (8 decks)

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