Chapter 17 Flashcards
Energy of the universe
Constant
What makes up the energy of the universe
System and surroundings
Enthalpy
🔺H
Movement of heat
-🔺H
Exothermic
+🔺H
Endothermic
Spontaneity
How stable a reaction is
Nothing to do with speed or catalysts
Generally exothermic
Thermodynamics
The direction and extent of a reaction
Kinetics
The speed of a reaction
Heat
q
The energy tax, must be lost to be spontaneous
Factors of spontaneity
Enthalpy and entropy
Proceeds to lowest potential energy
Entropy increases
With the number of ways a system can rearrange itself
-🔺S
Nonspontaneous
+🔺S
Spontaneous
Entropy
S
Disorder
What increases entropy
Less ordered states
Larger number of molecules or mols
Increase in temp
Dissociation
Unique things about entropy
Even elements have it
Has a value unless at absolute zero
What affects 🔺S
State
Allotrope
Molar mass
Molecular complexity
Extent of dissolution
Gibbs free energy
G
The amount of energy available to do work
-🔺G
Spontaneous
+🔺G
Nonspontaneous
System ends
Reactions never reach their theoretical limit, energy is lost as heat, so the system must die
G units
KJ
S units
J/K
H units
KJ
