Chapter 16

Question 1

Buffer

Answer 1

A solution that resists pH changes when an acid or base is added

Question 2

Neutralize added acid or base

Answer 2

Buffer solution

Question 3

Acid buffer

Answer 3

Significant amount of weak acid and its conjugate base

Question 4

Base buffer

Answer 4

Significant amount of weak base and its conjugate acid

Question 5

Creating an acid buffer

Answer 5

Significant amounts of weak acid plus the conjugate base salt

Question 6

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Answer 6

Calculating pH using Ka and initial acid/base concentrations

Question 7

pH changes of a buffer solution

Answer 7

Use a before and after table with proper stoichiometry to find new acid/base concentrations, then the HH equation

Question 8

Creating a base buffer

Answer 8

Weak base and its conjugate acid salt

Question 9

Buffer effectiveness

Answer 9

Buffer have a limit in the amount of acid or base that they can neutralize

Question 10

Buffer effectiveness factors

Answer 10

Relative amounts (1:1)
Absolute concentrations (larger)

Question 11

Buffering capacity

Answer 11

The amount of acid or base that a buffer can neutralize

Question 12

Buffering range

Answer 12

The pH range where the buffer is effective

Question 13

Effective buffer range

Answer 13

pH varies from pKa by +/- 1

Question 14

Effective buffer concentrations

Answer 14

Acid and base are within a factor of 10

Question 15

When choosing which acid to make a buffer

Answer 15

chose the one with the pKa closest to the pH

Question 16

Amount of avid or base that can be added to a buffer without destroying its effectiveness

Answer 16

Buffer capacity

Question 17

Buffer capacity increases

Answer 17

With increasing concentration of the buffer components and as the acid base ratio approaches 1:1

Question 18

Titration

Answer 18

Reaction where acid has neutralized base or vice versa

Question 19

Titrant

Answer 19

In burette, added to analyze in flask

Question 20

Analyte

Answer 20

Solution in flask, titrant added to it

Question 21

Point where a titration is complete

Answer 21

Equivalence point

Question 22

Equivalence point

Answer 22

Mols of acid stoichiometrically matches the mols of base

Question 23

Ways to measure pH

Answer 23

pH metre or indicator

Question 24

Titration curve

Answer 24

pH versus volume of titrant added

Question 25

Inflection point on the titration curve

Answer 25

The equivalence point of the titration

Question 26

pH at equivalence point

Answer 26

Varies based on strength of acid or base added

Question 27

Strong acid-base titration curve

Answer 27

Rapid change in pH near equivalence point (10 pH units)

Question 28

pH calculations along the titration curve

Answer 28

Vary based on pint in titration and if the titrant is an acid or a base

Question 29

Polyprotic acid titration

Answer 29

Multiple equivalence points Ka1 is higher then Ka2

Question 30

Volume of base in Polyprotic acid titration

Answer 30

Volume of base added from start to equivalence point 1 is the same as the volume between equivalence points

Question 31

What is an indicator

Answer 31

Weak organic acid dye A buffer Water soluble

Question 32

Flaws of an indicator

Answer 32

They are subjective, people see differently Must go to end point (past equivalence, excess titrant)

Question 33

End point

Answer 33

Change in pH shown by an indicator, past the equivalence point

Question 34

Equivalence point

Answer 34

Mols of acid stoichiometrically matches mols of base

Question 35

When is the end point reached

Answer 35

An indicator has slightly and permanently changed colour

Question 36

pKa of indicator is equal to

Answer 36

pH at equivalence point

Question 37

Insoluble ionic compounds

Answer 37

Dissolve very little Have Ksp

Question 38

Ksp

Answer 38

Solubility product constant A type of Keq

Question 39

Solubility

Answer 39

Quantity of compound dissolved in a specific amount of liquid

Question 40

Solute

Answer 40

The compound or substance that is being dissolved

Question 41

Solvent

Answer 41

What is dissolving the solute Often water

Question 42

Molar solubility

Answer 42

S Molarity of dissolved solute in a saturated solution Units: mol/L

Question 43

Relative solubility

Answer 43

Comparing Ksp’s of compounds ONLY WHEN STOICHIOMETRY IS THE SAME

Question 44

Common ion solubility

Answer 44

Addition of soluble salt containing one of the ions of the insoluble salt deceased solubility

Question 45

Insoluble ionic hydroxide solubility

Answer 45

Higher pH leads to lower solubility Lower pH leads to higher solubility

Question 46

Insoluble ionic weak acid anion solubility

Answer 46

Lower pH leads to higher solubility