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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

The difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes is that the patient may not be _________ dependent with type 2 diabetes.

A

Insulin

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2
Q

The organ that is affected in type 2 diabetes in the ______________.

A

Pancreas

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3
Q

The abbreviation FPG stands for fasting ____________ glucose.

A

Plasma

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4
Q

What does an HbA blood test measure?

A

the portion of RBC’s with glucose attached

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5
Q

_________ is another name for the term somatotropin?

A

Growth hormone

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6
Q

An oversecretion of somatotropin before adulthood results in _________.

A

gigantism

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7
Q

An undersecretion of somatotropin in childhood results in ___________.

A

Dwarfism

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8
Q

Katrina is diagnosed with hypothyroidism, which means that her thyroid gland is producing __________ thyroid hormone.

A

deficient

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9
Q

What term means an extreme form of hypothyroidism in adults?

A

myxedema

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10
Q

What term means an enlargement of the thyroid gland, usually caused by low iodine levels?

A

goiter

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11
Q

If hypothyroidism occurs in childhood, what condition can result?

A

Cretinism

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12
Q

Match the hormone with their actions

increases metabolism in body cells

A

thyroxine

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13
Q

Match the hormone with their actions

develops and maintains female sex characteristics

A

estrogen

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14
Q

Match the hormone with their actions

raises heart rate and blood pressure

A

epinephrine

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15
Q

Match the hormone with their actions

increases blood sugar

A

cortisol

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16
Q

Match the hormone with their actions

promotes growth and maintenance of male sex characteristics

A

testosterone

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17
Q

Match the hormone with their actions

stimulates secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex

A

adrenocorticotropic

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18
Q

Match the hormone with their actions

helps transport glucose to cells

A

insulin

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19
Q

Match the hormone with their actions

raises blood calcium

A

parathyroid hormone

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20
Q

Match the hormone with their actions

stimulates water reabsorption by the kidney tubules

A

vasopressin

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21
Q

Match the hormone with their actions

Increases reabsorption of sodium by the kidney tubules

A

aldosterone

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22
Q

Chose whether the following are related to hypo- or hypersecretion, and chose the endocrine gland involved:

Cushing syndrome

A

hyper
adrenal cortex

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23
Q

Chose whether the following are related to hypo- or hypersecretion, and chose the endocrine gland involved:

tetany

A

hypo
parathyroid

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24
Q

Chose whether the following are related to hypo- or hypersecretion, and chose the endocrine gland involved:

Diabetes Mellitus

A

hypo
pancreas

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25
Q

Chose whether the following are related to hypo- or hypersecretion, and chose the endocrine gland involved:

Graves Disease

A

hyper
thyroid

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26
Q

Chose whether the following are related to hypo- or hypersecretion, and chose the endocrine gland involved:

Cretinism

A

hypo
thyroid

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27
Q

Chose whether the following are related to hypo- or hypersecretion, and chose the endocrine gland involved:

Addison Disease

A

hypo
thyroid

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28
Q

Chose whether the following are related to hypo- or hypersecretion, and chose the endocrine gland involved:

Gigantism

A

hyper
adenohypophysis

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29
Q

Radioactive iodine is abbreviated as _______

A

RAI

30
Q

Radioactive iodine is _____________ to destroy an overactive thyroid gland.

A

treatment for graves disease to destroy an overactive thyroid gland

31
Q

Sodium is the abbreviated as ______

A

Na+

32
Q

Sodium is

A

an electrolyte

33
Q

Growth hormone is the abbreviated as _______

A

GH

34
Q

Growth hormone is ________

A

Somatotropin

35
Q

Glucose tolerance test is abbreviated as _______

A

GTT

36
Q

Glucose Tolerance test is __________ in the blood.

A

Test to assess the sugar levels in the blood

37
Q

ACTH is the abbreviation for __________________

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

38
Q

ACTH is

A

Secretion of this hormone stimulates an endocrine gland above the kidney

39
Q

Thyroid function test is the abbreviated as _______

A

TFT

40
Q

Thyroid function test is

A

this test assess the function of an endocrine gland in the neck

41
Q

Diabetes mellitus is the abbreviated as

A

DM

42
Q

Diabetes mellitus is

A

Type 1 and type 2 are forms of this condition

43
Q

Diabetes insipidus is the abbreviated as

A

DI

44
Q

Diabetes insipidus is __________ to release vasopressin.

A

Posterior pituitary gland fails

45
Q

TSH is the abbreviation for ________________

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

46
Q

TSH is _______________ the anterior pituitary gland stimulates an endocrine gland in the neck.

A

Secretion of this hormone from

47
Q

DKA is the abbreviation for

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

48
Q

FBS is the abbreviation for

A

Fasting Blood Sugar

49
Q

Potassium is abbreviated as

A

K+

50
Q

Glycogen is converted back into glucose by the hormone gluc______.

a. osamine
b. agon
c. otropin
d. agen

A

b. agon

51
Q

The hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during labor is oxy_____.

a. contin
b. tocin
c. tropin
d. uria

A

b. tocin

52
Q

Poly_____ is a term for excessive thirst.

a. uria
b. dipsia
c. phasia
d. phagia

A

dipsia

53
Q

Mrs. Pitt developed excessive hair on her face and body, or ________, due to excessive secretion of androgens caused by an adrenal tumor.

a. virilism
b. tetany
c. hirsutism
d. cretinism

A

c. hirsutism

54
Q

Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood is called:

a. myxedema
b. cretinism
c. Addison disease
d. Cushing syndrome

A

a. myxedema

55
Q

Enlargement of facial, jaw, and extremity bones during adulthood as a result of excess growth hormone is called:

a. Acromegaly
b. Virilism
c. Myxedema
d. Gigantism

A

a. Acromegaly

56
Q

Tetany is defined as:

a. Constant muscle contractions
b. nerve spasms
c. muscle atrophy
d. epilepsy

A

a. constant muscle contractions

57
Q

Which of the following is the medical term that describes low blood level of calcium.

a. Prolactinemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d Hypokalemia

A

b. Hypocalcemia

58
Q

The nuclear medicine test that shows the size, shape, and function of the thyroid gland is a:

a. Radioactive iodine uptake
b. Radioimmunoassay
c. Thyroid scan
d. Thyroid function test

A

c. Thyroid scan

59
Q

Exophthalmometry is the measurement of _____________ with an exophthalmometer.

a. intraocular pressure
b. intracranial pressure
c. eyeball protrusion
d. exophthalmic hormone

A

c. eyeball protrusion

60
Q

Which is an imagining study used to locate adenomas?

a. exophthalmometry
b. computed tomography
c. RAIU
d. TFT

A

b. computed tomography

61
Q

A(n) _____________ is used in blood glucose monitoring.

a. catheter
b. glucometer
c. insulin pump
d. glycolysis machin e

A

b. glucometer

62
Q

A fasting plasma glucose test can diagnose both diabetes and ____________, a condition in which blood glucose is higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes.

a. hyperinsulinism
b. gestational diabetes
c. diabetes insipidus
d. prediabetes

A

d. prediabetes

63
Q

A region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland and that secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland is the:

a. hypothalamus
b. parathyroids
c. sella turcica
d. hypophysis

A

a. hypothalamus

64
Q

Excessive amount of calcium in the blood.

Hyper__________

A

Hypercalcemia

65
Q

Deficient amount of potassium in the blood.

Hypo_________

A

Hypokalemia

66
Q

Deficient sodium in the blood.

Hypo___________

A

Hyponatremia

67
Q

Removal of the pancreas.

_______________ectomy

A

pancreatectomy

68
Q

Pertaining to sugar in the blood.

glyc__________

A

glycemic

69
Q

Excessive thirst.

poly___________

A

polydipsia

70
Q

Normal thyroid function.

____thyroid

A

euthyroid

71
Q

Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland.

tri_________________

A

triiodothyronine

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (7 decks)

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