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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Match the bone or process with the common name

sternum

A

Breastbone

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2
Q

Match the bone or process with the common name

Cranium

A

Skull

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3
Q

Match the bone or process with the common name

Ulna

A

forearm bone - little finger side

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4
Q

Match the bone or process with the common name

Olecranon

A

elbow

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5
Q

Match the bone or process with the common name

Carpals

A

wrist bone

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6
Q

Match the bone or process with the common name

malleolus

A

ankle

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7
Q

Match the bone or process with the common name

clavicle

A

collar bone

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8
Q

Match the bone or process with the common name

calcaneus

A

heel bone

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9
Q

Match the bone or process with the common name

acetabulum

A

hip socket

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10
Q

Match the bone or process with the common name

Patella

A

kneecap

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11
Q

Match the bone or process with the common name

Radius

A

forearm bone thumb side

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12
Q

Match the bone or process with the common name

scapula

A

shoulder blade

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13
Q

Match the bone or process with the common name

Maxilla

A

Upper jawbone

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14
Q

Match the bone or process with the common name

Mandible

A

Lower jaw bone

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15
Q

Match the bone or process with the common name

Humerus

A

Upper arm bone

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16
Q

Match the word to its description

bending a limb

A

Flexion

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17
Q

Match the word to its description

straightening a limb

A

extension

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18
Q

Match the word to its description

movement to the midline of the body

A

abduction

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19
Q

Match the word to its description

motion that moves the foot downward

A

plantar flexion

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20
Q

Match the word to its description

decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot moves upward

A

dorsiflexion

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21
Q

What are the 4 types of bones, describe each type, and provide an example of each type.

A

Long bones very strong, broad at the ends where they join with other bones, and have large surface areas for muscle attachment. - thigh (femur), lower leg (tibia and fibula), upper and lower arm (humerus, radius, and ulna)

Short bones found in the wrist and ankles and are small with irregular shapes

Flat bones are found covering soft body parts - skull, shoulder blades, ribs and pelvic bones

Sesamoid bones are small rounded bones (resembling a sesame seed in shape). They are found near joints and increase the efficiency of muscles near a particular joint - kneecap is largest example.

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22
Q

Define the term joint.

Name 2 types of joints.

Give an example where it located.

Describe how they work.

A
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23
Q

Name the 3 types of muscle and describe them and provide an example of where you would find the types in the body.

A
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24
Q

The midportion, or shaft, of a long bone is the:

a. Pubis
b. Ischium
c. Cancellous bone
d. Metaphysis
e. Diaphysis
f. Tendon
g. Ligament
h. Compact bone

A

Diaphysis

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25
Q

The surgical procedure often performed to relieve pressure on the nerve roots in the lower spine caused by herniated disc or other conditions is a:

a. Costectomy
b. Laminectomy
c. Myorrhaphy
d. Rachiotomy

A

b. Laminectomy

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26
Q

Elevated serum levels of ________ can indicate muscular dystrophies, polymyositis, or myopathy.

a. creatine kinase
b. Leukocytes
c. Calcium
d. Uric Acid

A

a. Creatine Kinase

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27
Q

Spinal stenosis is a _________ of the lumbar spinal canal.

a. stiffening
b. slipping
c. hardening
d. narrowing

A

d. narrowing

28
Q

Softening of the bones is called osteo_______.

a. necrosis
b. porosis
c. penia
d. malacia

A

d. malacia

29
Q

An inherited disease marked by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers is:

a. sclerosis
b. osteoporosis
c. Lyme disease
d. muscular dystrophy

A

Muscular Dystrophy

30
Q

The combining form lumb/o means:

a. lower back
b. curve
c. humpback
d. lamina

A

a. lower back

31
Q

The formation of bone depends on a good supply of _________ and __________ to the bone tissue.

a. calcium, phosphorus
b. vitamin D, salt
c. calcium, magnesium
d. osteoblasts, osteoclasts

A

a. calcium, phosphorus

32
Q

Removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination is a:

a. DXA
b. Myectomy
c. Disectomy
d. Muscle biopsy

A

d. Muscle biopsy

33
Q

The disorder caused by a bacterium carried by a tick is called:

a. Lupus
b. Paget disease
c. Rickets
d. Lyme disease

A

d. Lyme disease

34
Q

Taking radiographs after injecting the joint with opaque contrast material is called:

a. magnetic resonance imaging
b. Electromyography
c. Joint scan
d. Arthrography

A

d. Arthrography

35
Q

A ganglion is a:

a. fluid-filled cyst that arises from the joint capsule or a tendon
b. wrist sprain
c. muscle abnormality
d. displacement of a bone from its joint

A

a. fluid-filled cyst that arises from the joint capsule or a tendon

36
Q

The surgical fixation of a joint is called:

a. arthrocentesis
b. immobilization
c. arthroplasty
d. arthrodesis

A

d. Arthrodesis

37
Q

The combining form stern/o means:

a. vertebra
b. shoulder bone
c. collarbone
d. breastbone

A

d. breastbone

38
Q

Arthro________ is the surgical reconstruction or prosthetic replacement of the end of a joint.

a. centesis
b. tomy
c. plasty
d. ectomy

A

c. plasty

39
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis can be detected by a laboratory test called __________, which is the rate at which erythrocytes settle at the bottom of a test tube.

a. erythrocyte sedimentation rate
b. serum creatine phosphokinase
c. antinuclear antibody test
d. erythrocyte phosphorous test

A

a. erythrocyte sedimentation rate

40
Q

A chronic autoimmune condition in which joints become inflamed and painful is:

a. Gouty arthritis
b. Rheumatoid arthritis
c. Osteoarthritis
d. Osteoporosis

A

b. Rheumatoid arthritis

41
Q

__________scopy is the visualization and removal or repair of damaged joint tissue.

a. Chondro
b. Rheumato
c. Arthro
d. Tendino

A

c. Arthro

42
Q

The medical term that means inflammation of the joint is:

a. Osteitis
b. Discitis
c. Maxillitis
d. Arthritis

A

d. Arthritis

43
Q

Hard, dense bone tissue is:

a. Diaphysis
b. Compact bone
c. Pubis
d. Metaphysis
e. Ligament
f. Cancellous bone
g. Tendon
h. Ischium

A

b. compact bone

44
Q

Total hip replacement is abbreviated to __________.

A

THR

45
Q

PT is the abbreviation for ____________.

A

Physical Therapy

46
Q

Total knee arthroplasty is abbreviated to _________.

A

TKA

47
Q

OA is the abbreviation for ____________.

A

Osteoarthritis

48
Q

AKA is the abbreviation for __________________.

A

above the knee amputation

49
Q

OT is the abbreviation for ___________.

A

Occupational Therapy

50
Q

Creatine Kinase is abbreviated to ___________.

A

CK

51
Q

Orthopedics is abbreviated to __________.

A

ortho

52
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is abbreviated to ______________.

A

ESR

53
Q

Acromioclavicular joint is abbreviated to __________.

A

AC

54
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis is abbreviated to __________.

A

RA

55
Q

IM is the abbreviation for ___________.

A

Intramuscular

56
Q

Dr. Reggie, a physician who specializes in a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention or correction of injuries or disorders of the skeletal system and associated muscles, joints, and ligaments.

Dr. Reggie specializes in what area of medicine?

A

Orthopedist

57
Q

Dr. Reggie sent both patients to the x-ray department to determine whether the patients had sustained a traumatic breaking of bone.

An x-ray was ordered to determine what type of injury?

A

Fracture

58
Q

Archie, the X-Ray Technician, reported back to the doctor that Betty’s left femur was crushed into several pieces and Veronica’s right humerus bone protruding from the skin.

What specific injury did Betty sustain?

A

Comminuted fracture

59
Q

Archie, the X-Ray Technician, reported back to the doctor that Betty’s left femur was crushed into several pieces and Veronica’s right humerus bone protruding from the skin.

What specific injury did Veronica sustain?

A

Compound fracture

60
Q

Both patients would require a solid mold applied to the broken bones to immobilize them.

What form of treatment did the patients require?

A

Casting

61
Q

Dr. Reggie ordered blood work to be completed to assess for inflammation.

What test was performed on the blood drawn?

A

ESR - erythrocyte sedimentation rate

62
Q

Is the distal end of the femur closer or farther from the hip?

A

Further

63
Q

What is the meaning of the suffix -plasty in the term osteoplasty?

A

Surgical repair

64
Q

A radiograph shows a suspicious lesion in the distal femur at the metaphyseal-diaphyseal border.

Where is Enrique’s lesion?

A

thighbone

65
Q

Does the suffix -sarcoma in the term osteosarcoma mean that Enrique’s cancer is benign or malignant?

A

malignant

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (7 decks)

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